Functional Ability Flashcards
What is functional ability?
The physical, psychological, cognitive and social ability to carry on the normal activities of life
What are the scope and lifespan considerations
Scope: represents a continuum from full function to disability.
Lifespan Considerations: function depends on level of development
What are the techniques for assessment?
Inspection
With eyes. Always comes first. Need good lighting, adequate exposure of area and possibly penlight.
Palpation
Sense of touch: texture, temperature, moisture, organ location and size, swelling, vibration or pulsation, rigidity or spasticity, crepitation, presence of lumps or masses, tenderness or pain.
Percussion
Tapping on skin w/short, sharp strokes to assess underlying structures.
Auscultation
Ear or stethoscope. Listening to sounds: heart, blood vessels, lungs and abdomen.
Flexion Extension Abduction Adduction Pronation Supination Circumduction Inversion Eversion Rotation Protraction Retraction Elevation Depression
- Flexion—Bending a limb at a joint
- Extension—Straightening a limb at a joint
- Abduction—Moving a limb away from the midline of the body
- Adduction—Moving a limb toward the midline of the body
- Pronation—Turning the forearm so the palm is down
- Supination—Turning the forearm so the palm is up
- Circumduction—Moving the arm in a circle around the shoulder
- Inversion—Moving the sole of the foot inward at the ankle
- Eversion—Moving the sole of the foot outward at the ankle
- Rotation—Moving the head around a central axis
- Protraction—Moving a body part forward and parallel to the ground
- Retraction—Moving a body part backward and parallel to the ground
- Elevation—Raising a body part
- Depression—Lowering a body par
TMJ
With the person seated,inspectthe area just anterior to the ear. Place the tips of your first two fingers in front of each ear and ask the person to open and close the mouth. Drop your fingers into the depressed area over the joint and note smooth motion of the mandible. An audible and palpable snap or click occurs in many healthy people as the mouth opens
Cervical Spine
Inspectthe alignment of head and neck. The spine should be straight, and the head erect.Palpatethe spinous processes and the sternomastoid, trapezius, and paravertebral muscles. They should feel firm, with no muscle spasm or tenderness.
Ask the person to follow these motions
Shoulders
Inspectand compare both shoulders posteriorly and anteriorly. Check the size and contour of the joint and compare shoulders for equality of bony landmarks.
While standing in front of the person,palpateboth shoulders, noting any muscular spasm or atrophy, swelling, heat, or tenderness.
Test ROMby asking the person to perform two motions. Cup one hand over the shoulder during ROM to note any crepitation; normally none is present.
Elbows
Inspectthe size and contour of the elbow in both flexed and extended positions. Look for any deformity, redness, or swelling.
Test ROM:
Flexion
Extension
Wrists, hands, and fingers
Inspectthe hands and wrists on the dorsal and palmar sides, noting position, contour, and shape. The normal functional position of the hand shows the wrist in slight extension. This way the fingers can flex efficiently, and the thumb can oppose them for grip and manipulation. The fingers lie straight in the same axis as the forearm. Normally no swelling or redness, deformity, or nodules are present.
Test ROM:
Wrists: Flexion, Extension & Supination
Hands/Fingers: Flexion, Extension, & Grip Strength
Hips and Knees
Wait toinspectthe hip joint together with the spine a bit later in the examination as the person stands. At that time note symmetric levels of iliac crests, gluteal folds, and equally sized buttocks. A smooth, even gait reflects equal leg lengths and functional hip motion.
Help the person into a supine position andpalpatethe hip joints. The joints should feel stable and symmetric, with no tenderness or crepitus
Assess ROM
Flexion
Abduction
Adduction
Ankles and feet
Inspectwhile the person is in a sitting, non–weight-bearing position and when standing and walking. Compare both feet, noting position of feet and toes, contour of joints, and skin characteristics. Test ROM Dorsiflexion Plantar Flexion Inversion Eversion
Spine
Inspectand note whether the spine is straight (1) by following an imaginary vertical line from the head through the spinous processes and down through the gluteal cleft; and (2) by noting equal horizontal positions for the shoulders, scapulae, iliac crests, and gluteal folds and equal spaces between the arm and lateral thorax on the two sides.The person’s knees and feet should be aligned with the trunk and pointing forward.
CheckROMof the spine by asking the person to bend forward and touch the toes (lumbar spine & hip flexion)
Gait
Observe client walking across room.
“Get-Up-And-Go” Test
- Watch for muscle strength, balance, shuffling, foot drop
What are the levels of errors
Adverse event
Unintended harm by an act of commission or omission rather than as a result of disease process
Near miss
Error of commission or omission that could have harmed a patient, but harm did not occur as a result of chance
Sentinel event
Unexpected occurrence involving death or serious injury
Scope and category of concept?
Categories of errors Diagnostic Treatment Preventive Communication Scope of errors Latent Active
