Function of Stomatognathic System

Question 1

Function of stomatognathic system where entrance of oxygen & release of carbon dioxide occurs

Answer 1

Respiration

Question 2

Give the articulation of sounds for the ff:
(1) K, G
(2) D
(3) M, B, P

Answer 2

1) posterior of tongue - soft palate
2) tongue & palate
3) lips

Question 3

Give the articulation of sounds for the ff:
(1) F,V
(2) S
(3) TH

Answer 3

1) lip - incisal edge of maxillary teeth
2) teeth, close approximation
3) tongue - maxillary incisor

Question 4

_____ sound: intensified/ amplified; ______ act of speaking, distinct utterance

Answer 4

1) Resonance
2) Articulation

Question 5

_____ actual production of speech sounds thru the aid of ______ that produce vibration

Answer 5

1) Phonation
2) Vocal cords

Question 6

Give the normal development of speech affected by the ff:
1) memory, habit, cc, learning
2) nerve innervation
3) hearing, sight (senses)

Answer 6

1) Associated areas
2) Efferent mechanism
3) Afferent mechanism

Question 7

Give the kg and lb of male and female during the forces of mastication

Answer 7

Male: 118 - 142 lbs (53.6 - 64.6 kg)
Female: 79 - 99 lbs (35.8 - 44.9 kg)

Question 8

______ less distance between muscle origin & insertion; _____ develops tension, no change in distance between origin & insertion

Answer 8

1) Isotonic Contraction (contraction = movement)
2) Isometric Contraction (contraction = no movement

Question 9

Give examples for isotonic & isometric contraction

Answer 9

Isotonic: closing phase, biking, opening of mouth, walking, movement of mandible

Isometric: occlusal, clenching, planking, whistling

Question 10

It is the number of strokes in mastication that has a tear drop shape

Answer 10

Chewing Stroke

Question 11

Chewing stroke in frontal view wherein _____ more lateral movement; _____ less lateral movement

Answer 11

1) Soft food
2) Hard food

Question 12

____ mechanical process of mastication that is the initial phase (opening phase, swallowing); _____ reflex movement of the ff structures in a very integrated manner ________

Answer 12

1) Involuntary
2) Voluntary
3) Jaw, Cheek, Lips, Tongue

Question 13

____ is the number of jaw opening or separation of teeth

Answer 13

10-15 mm

Question 14

____ is when a volume of air is forced from the lungs by diaphragm thru the ____ & _____

Answer 14

1) Speech
2) larynx & oral cavity

Question 15

The opening phase accomplished by the ff muscles & gravity _______; the Closing phase is accomplished by _____

Answer 15

1) MED: Mylohyoid muscle, External pterygoid, Digastric
2) TIM: Temporalis muscle, Internal pterygoid, Masseter

Question 16

Complete the ff:

Opening Phase: jaw ____, ____ amount of jaw opening or _____

Closing Phase: ______ closing phase, occlusal surface ____ & ____ contraction

Occlusal: ____ phase, _____ closing phase, occlusal surface ____ & ____ contaction

Answer 16

1) opening, 10-15 mm, separation of teeth
2) rapid jaw, meet trap food, isotonic contraction
3) power phase, slow jaw or contact phase, in between crush food particles, isometric contraction

Question 17

Complete the ff:

Incisal
action: _____, teeth: _____

Direct crushing
action: ____ thru mandile, teeth: ____; balance & working side

Mortar & Pestle
action: _____; teeth:____, _____ of food; soundless due to ______

Answer 17

1) Tearing/Sling, Incisors
2) Shearing movement, Cuspid & Bicuspid
3) Grinding, Molars & Occlusal surface, Complete trituration of food, oral seal

Question 18

Give the kg and lb of molars & incisor during the forces of mastication

Answer 18

Molar = 91 - 198 lbs (41.3 - 89.8 kg)
Incisor = 29-51 lbs (13.2 - 23.1 kg)

Question 19

____ major role is take & maneuvering food inside oral cavity and dividing soft food & sweeping food debris after eating

Answer 19

Tongue

Question 20

_____ is an innate function, series of coordinated muscle contraction that moves the bolus

Answer 20

Deglutition “Swallowing”

Question 21

Decision to swallow is based on sev factors such as:

Answer 21

1) Degree of fineness of food
2) Degree of bolus
3) Intensity of taste extracted

Question 22

Stage of swallowing that occurs simultaneously that occurs in what duration?

Answer 22

1) Oral Stage & Pharyngeal Stage
2) 1 second

Question 23

Give the location of bolus for the stages of swallowing

Answer 23

1) Oral phase - dorsum tongue
2) Pharyngeal stage - pharynx
3) Esopharyngeal stage - esophagus

Question 24

Complete the ff

Oral stage is _____ mechanical process; reflex ____

Pharyngeal stage __________ to avoid choking

Esophageal stage upper section is _____ & lower section is ____

Reflex wave of contraction is also known as _____

Answer 24

1) Voluntary, moves bolus downward

2) Air / Nasal passage closes

3) Voluntary; Involuntary

4) Peristaltic waves

Question 25

Types of swallowing complete the ff

Somatic swallow: occurs in ____; tongue ______; give structures _________

Visceral/Infantile swallow: occurs in ___; tongue ____; give structures ______

Answer 25

Somatic: common ppl, tongue: inside the oral cavity, normal seal, occlusion, antero-posterior relationship maxilla & mandible, harmoneous rel w cranial & facial structures

Infantile: open bite px, tongue: abnormally large in between maxillary & mandibular gumpads, no normal seal & harmoneous rel, lips are sealed and appear stiff

Question 26

____ painful swallowing

_____ absence of swallong also known as ____

_____ difficulty swallowing

______ when nasal cavity cant be sealed off from oropharynx = food & liquids forced in nasal cavity when swallowing

Answer 26

1) Odynophagia
2) Aphagia
3) Dysphagia
4) Palatal clefts & Paralysis of soft palate

Question 27

____ used for condition where swallowing is impared; ____ used for severe sleep apnea

Answer 27

1) Nasogastric tube
2) CPAP: Continuous Positive Airway Pressure

Question 28

Process involved in speech production & organization

______ act of speaking, breaking up of sound

____ actual production of sounds thru utterance of vocal cords to produce vibrations

____ intensified, amplified or resounding quality of sound

____ lung produce vibrations that is simultaneous w breathing producing stream of air

Answer 28

1) Articulation
2) Phonation
3) Resonance
4) Respitation

Question 29

Process involved in speech production & organization IN ORDER

Answer 29

Respiration-Phonation-Resonance-Articulation

Question 30

Abnormal condition:

____ failure to produce sound

_____ speech disorder interrupts flow of speech due to BRP

____ muscle weakness makes speaking very difficult

____ impairment of motor skills, affects ability to form sound of speech correctly, even when they know what to say

Answer 30

1) Stammering
2) Stuttering
3) Dysarthria
4) Apraxia

Question 31

Give examples for the treatment for speech problem

Answer 31

1) Physical exercise
2) Speech theraphy exercise

Question 32

_____ is another term for respiration, breathing a continuous process closely associated with ____

Answer 32

1) ventilation
2) deglutition

Question 33

exchange of air body to environment = ______
exchange of air body to cell = ______

Answer 33

1) External
2) Internal

Question 34

Stages of respiration where
____ increase size of thoracic cavity;
_____ decrease size of thoracic cavity

Answer 34

1) Inhilation/Inspiration
2) Exhalation/Expiration

Question 35

Give the treatment for mouth breathing

Answer 35

1) Treat underlying condition
2) Allergy medicine
3) Lose some weight
4) CPAP Continuous Positive Air Pressure machine (svr sleep apnea)

Question 36

Give 3 causes of mouth breathing

Answer 36

CTC BEND
- chronic allergies
- tonsil hypertrophy
- constricted upper airway
- backward position jaw (thumb sucking)
- excessive pacifier use/ insufficient suckling as an infinat
- nasal polyps
- deviated nasal septum

Question 37

Give 3 effects of mouth breathing

Answer 37

LT GF DL
- lips: flaccid, short upper lip, lack tonicity
- tongue: low & forward to keep oral airway open
- gingivitis & increased dental caries
- frequently marked overbite
- dryness of mouth
- labial flaring of max anterior teeth (Hypertrophy of lower lips)