FUN Terms #1

Question 1

Active Voice

Answer 1

Any sentence with an active verb.

Question 2

Ad Hominem

Answer 2

An attack on the person rather than the issues at hand.

Question 3

Alliteration

Answer 3

The repetition of a phonetic sound at the beginning of several words in a sentence.

Question 4

Allusion

Answer 4

A reference that recalls another work, another time in history, another famous person, and so forth.

Question 5

Anadiplosis

Answer 5

Technique of repetition. The last word of the clause begins the next clause, creating a connection of ideas important to the author’s purpose in some way.

Question 6

Analogy

Answer 6

Signifies a relational comparison of or similarity between two objects or ideas.

Question 7

Anaphora

Answer 7

In rhetoric, this is the deliberate repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of several successive poetic lines, prose sentences, clauses, or paragraphs. You will see this quite often in political speeches

Question 8

Anastrophe

Answer 8

The reversal of the natural order of words in a sentence or line of poetry. It has a nice–if somewhat alarming–effect at times, and it has been known to occasionally cause confusion in inexperienced readers.

Question 9

antithesis

Answer 9

An observation or claim that is in opposition to your claim or an author’s claim.

Question 10

Aphorism

Answer 10

a brief statement of an opinion or elemental truth. Usually appear only in the multiple-choice section; however, they occasionally show up in rhetorical analysis passages.

Question 11

apostrope

Answer 11

Prayer-like, this is a direct address to someone who is not present, to a deity or muse, or to some other power. It rarely appears on the language exam, but when it does, it is usually significant and nearly always pathos.

Question 12

appositive

Answer 12

also called a noun phrase, it modifies the noun next to it. you will occasioally see one in the multiple-choice section of the test

Question 13

argument from ignorance

Answer 13

An argument stating that something is true because it has never been proven false. such arguments rely on claims that are impossible to prove conclusively, and they often go both ways

Question 14

asyndeton

Answer 14

the deliberate omission of conjuctions from a series of related independent clauses. the effect is to create a tight, concise, and forceful sentence.

Question 15

bandwagon

Answer 15

Also called vox populi. This argument is the “everyones doing it” fallacy and is especially appreciated

Question 16

Begging the question

Answer 16

This argument occurs when the speaker states a claim that includes a word or phrase that needs to be defined before the argument can proceed.

Question 17

cause and effect

Answer 17

Another fallacy, this is also known by another name, post hoc ergo propter hoc. Such an argument falls under the general umbrella of a causality fallacy or false cause.

Question 18

chiasmus

Answer 18

This is an ABBA syntactical structure rather than the more common parallel ABAB structure. It is derived from the greek letter x, thus as you might hae guessed, its form is similar to an X. Minor syntactical device

Question 19

complex sentence

Answer 19

a sentence structure that is a combination of a dependent clause and an independent clause

Question 20

compound sentence

Answer 20

a sentence struture made up of two independent caluses joined by a coordinating conjunction

Question 21

compound-complex sentence

Answer 21

a combination of a compound and a complex sentence

Question 22

cannotation

Answer 22

the associaqtions or moods that accompany a word. Words generally are negative, positive, or neutral. Pay close attention to the diction choices an author makes and especially take note of any particularly strong words or patterns of words, as this is how you usually determine the author;s tone and intention.

Question 23

declarative sentence

Answer 23

This is a basic statement or an assertion and is the most common type of sentence

Question 24

deductive

Answer 24

A form of logical argumentation that uses claims or premises. The assumption by the author is that you will accept the claims as true and that you will then deduce the correct conclusion from the accepted premises at the outset. Looks like geometry proofs.

Question 25

denotation

Answer 25

This is the oppositve of cannotation and is quite literally the dictionary meaning of the word.