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Bacterial Review > Fun facts about bacteria > Flashcards

Fun facts about bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

H.pylori

A

vibrio, curved GNR, strongly urease positive, upregulates caspases, peptic ulcer disease

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2
Q

V. cholera

A

vibrio, curved GNR, fecal to oral gastroenteritis, secretes mucinase for attachment to SI, secretes choleragen with AB subunit to disrupt signal transduction using A subunit to activate adenylate cyclse

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3
Q

vibrio

A

cholera, h. pylori, halophiles, virulence factors for survival in GI- survive acid, attach to lumen

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4
Q

borrelia burgdorferi

A

spirochete, 24 hours to transmit blood infection, immune evasion, 3 stages (1-erythema migrans, 2-cardiac and neurologic involvement, 3-arthritis), Jarisch-Heixmer reaction

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5
Q

listeria

A

enterobacteria, GPR, Bhemolytic, grows well in cold, listerolysin, actA, gastroenteritis, sepsis/menigitis

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6
Q

rickettsia

A

obligate IC, GNR, ticks, RMSF bacteremia leading to vasculitis/rash, tx: doxycycline, chloramphenicol

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7
Q

chlamydia

A

obligate IC, infectious elementary body, dividing reticulate body, asymptomatic often, hides behind other STDS, tx: doxycycline or erthyromycin/amoxicillin

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8
Q

spirochetes themes

A

hard to dx, need excellent history, 3 stages of disease, easily cross into bloodstream, immune evasion (no vaccines, exotoxins, inflammation),
Jarisch-Heixmer reaction

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9
Q

syphilis (t. pallidum)

A

spirochete, not culturable, slow growing, sexual transmission, 3 stages (1-chancre, 2- maculopapular rash on hands/soles, condylomata lata lesions on genitals, 3- granulomas, gummas, CNS) Jarisch-Heixmer reaction

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10
Q

What are two causes of scrofula? Which population are they more likely in?

A 
Tb- adults
atypical mycobacterium (M. scrofulaceum)- children
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11
Q

What drug is used to treat leprosy?

A

dapsone and rifampin

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12
Q

M. leprosy

A

not culturable, slowest growing, 30C for growth (sticks to superficial), spread by nasal secretions and skin lesions

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13
Q

Which form of leprosy has granulomas/foamy histocytes? Th1/Th2? immunogenic nerve damage/bacterial nerve damage? positive skin test/negative skin test?

A

tuberculoid: granulomas, Th1, immunogenic, positive
lepramatous: foamy lesion, Th2, bacterial, negative

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14
Q

atypical mycobacterium

A

environmentally acquired, PPD negative, less aggressive, not lethal in guinea pigs, M. scrofulacum

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15
Q

What drug is used to treat Tb? What type of therapy is recommended?

A

isoniazid, directly observed therapy with 4 drug regimens

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16
Q

What is remicade? What disease can it cause resurgence of?

A

TNFa antagonist, depresses CMI, may reactivate Tb

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17
Q

What disease is Pott’s disease caused by?

A

Tb in the long bones, osteomyelitis in the spine

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18
Q

What type of menigitis does the Brudzinski’s sign indicate? Why only this kind?

A

Tb menigitis, high inflammation

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19
Q

What is a Ghon complex? Where can bacteria spread from here?

A

exudative lesion and draining hilar lymph node, typical of pulmonary Tb, can spread to bloodstream

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20
Q

Describe the cell mediated response to Tb

A

CD4 T cells activate macrophages to kill IC bacteria. CD8 T cells lyse infected macrophages. TNF helps maintain latency of Tb. -forms caesating granulomas

21
Q

M. tuberculosis

A

acid fast (mycolic acid/arabinoglycan), obligate aerobe, fastidious, chromosomal drug resistance, no toxins produced, airborne transmission

22
Q

Salmonella

A

enterobacteria, GNR, enterocolitis, attach by fimbrae, immunologic sampling to infect macrophages

23
Q

s. typhi

A

typhoid fever, fecal to oral, trojan horse, systemic lymph node infection, necrosis of peyer’s patches, chronic carriagein gallbladder

24
Q

What do you see in blood smears from HUS?

A

schistocytes- distorted fragmented RBCs from pushing past fibrin clots in small capillaries

25
Q

What is reactive arthritis sequellae to?

A

shigella, salmonella, yersinia, campylobacter, chlamydia

26
Q

Klebsiella pneumonia

A

old, COPD, alcoholic homeless men
large polysaccharide capsule, adhesins for adherence, siderophores
currant jelly sputum

27
Q

Enterobacteriacae

A

GNR, no spores, catalase + oxidase -, faculative aerobes, promiscious to foreign DNA (virulence factors, abx resistance)

28
Q

S. saprophytic

A

staphylococci, gram +, catalase +, coagulase -, gamma hemolytic, novobicin resistant
UTI

29
Q

S. epidermidis

A

staphylococci, gram +, catalase +, coagulase -, gamma hemolytic, novobicin sensitive
attaches to catheters

30
Q

S. aureus

A

staphylococci, gram +, catalase +, coagulase +, b hemolytic

31
Q

staphylococci

A

gram +, catalse +, clumps, cause abscesses

32
Q

enterococcus fecalis

A

streptococci, gram +, catalase -, gamma hemolytic, bile/optchin resistant
UTI, abdominal abscess, endocarditis

33
Q

peptostreptococci

A

streptococci, gram +, catalase -, gamma hemolytics, bile/optchin sensitive
abscesses

34
Q

viridans streptococci

A

streptococci, gram+, catalase-, alpha hemolytic, bile/optochin resistant, dental caries and endocarditis

35
Q

pneumococci

A

streptococci (diplo), gram +, catalase -, alpha hemolytic, bile/optochin sensitive, pneumonia
capsule (can have vaccine)

36
Q

group B streptococci

A

gram +, catalase -, beta hemolytic, bactracin resistant, capsule

37
Q

group A streptococci

A

gram +, catalase -, beta hemolytic, bacitracin sensitive, pili/M protein/kinases/toxins

38
Q

streptococci

A

gram +, catalase -, chains

39
Q

neisseria

A

gram - diplococci, oxidase +, need chocolate agar

40
Q

n. meningitidis

A

gram -, maltose +, capsule (have vaccine), endotoxin LPS

41
Q

n. gonorrhea

A

gram -, maltose -, endotoxin LOS, pili

42
Q

What is the reducing agent added to anaerobic culture to eliminate oxygen?

A

thioglycolate

43
Q

clostridium

A

GPR, spore forming

c. tetani–tetanus–tetanospasmin
c. botulinum–botulism–botulinium toxin
c. perfingens–gas gangrene–tissue degrading enzymes
c. perfingens-food poisoning-enterotoxin
c. dificile-psueodmembranous colitis-exotoxinA/B

44
Q

What mechanism of pathogenicity does c.dificile use?

A

AB subnit, A- disrupts tight junctions, intestinal swelling and inflammation, B- depolymerizes actin

45
Q

What mechanism of pathogenicity does c.tetani use?

A

tetanospasmin exotoxin, AB subunit, intereference with signal transduction
large subunit binds presynaptic motor neuron so small one can do retrograde axonal transport, cleaves synaptobrevin so can’t release GABA or gly

46
Q

What do GNAB cause? virulence factors?

A

abscesses, tissue degrading enzymes, capsule

47
Q

actinomyces

A

gram + rod, no spores, no exotoxins, causes actinomycosis/abscess

48
Q

What two cocci have superantigen?

A

s. aureus, s. pyogenes

Bacterial Review (1 decks)

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