Fun Facts Flashcards
At how many weeks gestation does CNS develop?
First 3 to 4 weeks
What is craniosynostosis?
Premature closing of cranial sutures
RF shaken baby
Single parent
Young parent
SUD
Stress
Premature or sick infant
Colic
A&P of Child nose and throat
Infants: obligate nose breathers til 6w, little mucus
Newborns: small passages prone to obstruction
Children have enlarged tonsillar and adenoid tissue
Funnel larynx til 10 yo
Croup is an inflamed…
Larynx and trachea
Complications of foreign body aspiration
PNA
Abscess
Hypoxia
Resp failure and death
4 aspects of tetralogy of fallot
Pulmonary stenosis
Ventricular septal defect
Overriding aorta
Right ventricular hypertrophy
When is tetralogy of fallot dx?
During first weeks of life
RF infective endocarditis
Prosthetic valves
Congenital heart defect
This CM is most common in children
Dilated
What the heck is Kawasaki disease?
Inflammation of blood vessels
Mostly in youngsters 6 months to 5 yo
When does baby GI system mature?
2 yo
Increased risk dehydration in youngsters due to…
Increased extracellular fluid percentage
Higher body water %
Increase BMR
Higher BSA
Immature renal
This microbe causes most diarrhea
Virus
What is Hirschsprung disease?
Neonatal obstruction leading to megacolon
Due to lack of ganglion cells
Surgery resection is required
These irregularities are often associated with cleft lip/palate
Heart defects
Ear malformations
Skeletal deformities
GU abnormality
Complications associated with cleft
Feeding difficulties - air intake, gagging, choking, inadequate intake, fatigue, FTT
Altered dentition
Delayed speech
Otitis media
Bladder capacity in newborn
30 mL
What is hypospadias?
Urethral opening on ventral surface
What is epispadias?
Urethral opening at dorsal surface
What is nephrotic syndrome?
Abnormal loss of protein in urine
What is acute glomerulonephritis?
Inflammation at glomerulus filters of kidneys. Most likely from strep throat.
What is phimosis?
Foreskin that can’t retract. Increased risk for UTI.
What is paraphimosis?
Retraction that cuts off penis circulation
What is cryptorchidism?
One or both testicles don’t descend
Complications and characteristics of variocele (enlarged scrotal veins)
Low sperm count and motility leading to infertility
Pain, blue, swelling
Teratogens affect spine and brain during this time during gestation
W3 to 4
Injury to epiphyseal region can lead to…
Early, incomplete, or partial closure of the growth plate
Deformities
Shortening of the bone
What is genu valgum?
Knock knees
Normal; resolves by 8 yo
Complications rt casting and traction
NV compromise
Skin issues
Soft tissue injury
Compartment syndrome
Pin site infection
Osteomyelitis
What is osteogenesis imperfecta and what causes it?
Brittle bone disease due to defect in collagen 1 gene
Complications of osteogenesis imperfecta
Dentino-genesis imperfecta
Hearing loss
Chronic and acute pain
Scoliosis
Respiratory problems
Blue sclera
DDH more common in…
Breech
Gals
Native American
Eastern European
What is torticollis?
Head tilt
Rickets due to…
Inadequate calcium, vitamin D, sunlight
Chronic renal disease - can’t balance calcium and phosphorus
GI disorder - can’t absorb vitamin D
What is Legg Calve Perthes?
Avascular necrosis of femoral head
Babies with myelomeningocele spina bifida are at an increased risk for…
Meningitis
Hypoxia
Hemorrhage
Long term complications of myelomeningocele
Paralysis
Bowel and bladder incontinence
Deformities
Latex allergies
These heart conditions increase pulmonary blood flow
VSD
ASD
PDA
RF PDA
Premature
High altitudes
What is hypoplastic L heart syndrome?
Mixed heart disorder
Non functional L heart
Leads to cyanosis, circulatory collapse
Requires surgery/transplant
Differences between childhood and adult cancers
Childhood from embryonal and neuro-ectodermal tissues; results in lymphoma, sarcoma, CNS tumors
Adult from epithelial cells; results in carcinomas
Changes in blood cell production can result in…
Bruising
Fatigue
Pallor
Infection
Tumor infiltration, compression, obstruction can lead to…
Pain
Swelling
Discharge
Complications of aplastic anemia
Infection
Hemorrhage
Death
Complications of leukemia
Metastasis
Altered growth
Neurocognitive dysfunction
Ocular, CV, thyroid dysfunction
Complications (not ss) of brain tumors
Hydrocephalus
Increased ICP
Brain stem herniation
Radiation side effects (neuro and endocrine)
What the heck is a wilms tumor?
Renal tumor (1 kidney)
Abdominal mass
Mostly in 2-5 yo
Unknown cause
Grows fast
HTN in 25%
Complications of GH deficiency and therapy
Altered carb, protein, and fat metabolism
Hypoglycemia, glucose intolerance, DM
SCFE
Pseudotumor cerebri
Leukemia
CNS tumors
Injection site infections
Edema and Na retention
Complications of congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Hyponatremia
Hyperkalemia
Hypotension
Shock
Hypoglycemia
Short stature
Tumor in testicle
Male puberty at 2-3 yo
Ambiguous genitalia in girls
Complications and characteristics of trisomy 21
Intellectual disability
Facial
Cardiac
Sensory
GI (constipation)
Infections
Poor feeding / FTT
Complications of anorexia and bulimia
F and lyte
Hypothermia
Amenorrhea
Low blood volume/BP
Arrhythmias (bradycardia)
Esophagitis
Esophagus/stomach rupture
Tooth loss
Mental problems
18% mortality rate
What is Broselow tape?
For <25 kg
Measures length to determine drug dosing in emergency
What causes sudden cardiac arrest in kids?
Lyte
Drugs
Congenital or acquired heart defect
Lethal arrhythmias
CM
Trauma/injury to chest
Complications of near drowning
Hypoxia
Hypothermia
Hypovolemia
Pulmonary edema
Neuro
Complications and characteristics of cystic fibrosis
Hemoptysis
Pneumothorax
Bacterial colonization
Cor pulmonale
Volvulus
Intussusception
Intestinal obstruction
Rectal prolapse
GERD
DM
PHTN
Liver failure
Gallstones
Decreased fertility
Pancreatic enzyme activity is lost
Malabsorption of fats, proteins, and carbs
Poor growth
Large foul smelling stools
What is hydrocele?
Fluid in scrotal sac
Resolves by 1 yo
What is point tenderness?
Pain felt when pressure is placed on injury site
Reliable indicator of fracture in kids
What is periodic breathing?
Regular breathing with periods of apnea
Bacterial meningitis can lead to…
Brain damage
Nerve damage
Deafness
Stroke
Death
Risk factors cardiomyopathy
Congenital and genetic
Myocarditis
HIV
Kawasaki
Infection and disease
Transplant and surgery
HTN
Muscular Dystrophy
Drugs, alcohol, radiation
Maternal DM
Family hx
What is plagiocephaly?
Flattened part of head
Complications of legg calve perthes
Joint deformity and disease
Pain
Decreased motion and function/ gait
Potential complications of sickle cell disease
Stroke
Sepsis
Visual
Leg ulcers
Gallstones
Spleen sequestration
Delayed growth
Priapism
Enuresis
Multiple organ dysfunction
