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201: Peds Exam 2 > Fun Facts > Flashcards

Fun Facts Flashcards

1
Q

At how many weeks gestation does CNS develop?

A

First 3 to 4 weeks

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2
Q

What is craniosynostosis?

A

Premature closing of cranial sutures

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3
Q

RF shaken baby

A

Single parent
Young parent
SUD
Stress
Premature or sick infant
Colic

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4
Q

A&P of Child nose and throat

A

Infants: obligate nose breathers til 6w, little mucus
Newborns: small passages prone to obstruction
Children have enlarged tonsillar and adenoid tissue
Funnel larynx til 10 yo

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5
Q

Croup is an inflamed…

A

Larynx and trachea

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6
Q

Complications of foreign body aspiration

A

PNA
Abscess
Hypoxia
Resp failure and death

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7
Q

4 aspects of tetralogy of fallot

A

Pulmonary stenosis
Ventricular septal defect
Overriding aorta
Right ventricular hypertrophy

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8
Q

When is tetralogy of fallot dx?

A

During first weeks of life

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9
Q

RF infective endocarditis

A

Prosthetic valves
Congenital heart defect

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10
Q

This CM is most common in children

A

Dilated

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11
Q

What the heck is Kawasaki disease?

A

Inflammation of blood vessels
Mostly in youngsters 6 months to 5 yo

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12
Q

When does baby GI system mature?

A

2 yo

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13
Q

Increased risk dehydration in youngsters due to…

A

Increased extracellular fluid percentage
Higher body water %
Increase BMR
Higher BSA
Immature renal

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14
Q

This microbe causes most diarrhea

A

Virus

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15
Q

What is Hirschsprung disease?

A

Neonatal obstruction leading to megacolon
Due to lack of ganglion cells
Surgery resection is required

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16
Q

These irregularities are often associated with cleft lip/palate

A

Heart defects
Ear malformations
Skeletal deformities
GU abnormality

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17
Q

Complications associated with cleft

A

Feeding difficulties - air intake, gagging, choking, inadequate intake, fatigue, FTT
Altered dentition
Delayed speech
Otitis media

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18
Q

Bladder capacity in newborn

A

30 mL

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19
Q

What is hypospadias?

A

Urethral opening on ventral surface

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20
Q

What is epispadias?

A

Urethral opening at dorsal surface

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21
Q

What is nephrotic syndrome?

A

Abnormal loss of protein in urine

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22
Q

What is acute glomerulonephritis?

A

Inflammation at glomerulus filters of kidneys. Most likely from strep throat.

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23
Q

What is phimosis?

A

Foreskin that can’t retract. Increased risk for UTI.

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24
Q

What is paraphimosis?

A

Retraction that cuts off penis circulation

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25
Q

What is cryptorchidism?

A

One or both testicles don’t descend

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26
Q

Complications and characteristics of variocele (enlarged scrotal veins)

A

Low sperm count and motility leading to infertility
Pain, blue, swelling

27
Q

Teratogens affect spine and brain during this time during gestation

A

W3 to 4

28
Q

Injury to epiphyseal region can lead to…

A

Early, incomplete, or partial closure of the growth plate
Deformities
Shortening of the bone

29
Q

What is genu valgum?

A

Knock knees
Normal; resolves by 8 yo

30
Q

Complications rt casting and traction

A

NV compromise
Skin issues
Soft tissue injury
Compartment syndrome
Pin site infection
Osteomyelitis

31
Q

What is osteogenesis imperfecta and what causes it?

A

Brittle bone disease due to defect in collagen 1 gene

32
Q

Complications of osteogenesis imperfecta

A

Dentino-genesis imperfecta
Hearing loss
Chronic and acute pain
Scoliosis
Respiratory problems
Blue sclera

33
Q

DDH more common in…

A

Breech
Gals
Native American
Eastern European

34
Q

What is torticollis?

A

Head tilt

35
Q

Rickets due to…

A

Inadequate calcium, vitamin D, sunlight
Chronic renal disease - can’t balance calcium and phosphorus
GI disorder - can’t absorb vitamin D

36
Q

What is Legg Calve Perthes?

A

Avascular necrosis of femoral head

37
Q

Babies with myelomeningocele spina bifida are at an increased risk for…

A

Meningitis
Hypoxia
Hemorrhage

38
Q

Long term complications of myelomeningocele

A

Paralysis
Bowel and bladder incontinence
Deformities
Latex allergies

39
Q

These heart conditions increase pulmonary blood flow

A

VSD
ASD
PDA

40
Q

RF PDA

A

Premature
High altitudes

41
Q

What is hypoplastic L heart syndrome?

A

Mixed heart disorder
Non functional L heart
Leads to cyanosis, circulatory collapse
Requires surgery/transplant

42
Q

Differences between childhood and adult cancers

A

Childhood from embryonal and neuro-ectodermal tissues; results in lymphoma, sarcoma, CNS tumors

Adult from epithelial cells; results in carcinomas

43
Q

Changes in blood cell production can result in…

A

Bruising
Fatigue
Pallor
Infection

44
Q

Tumor infiltration, compression, obstruction can lead to…

A

Pain
Swelling
Discharge

45
Q

Complications of aplastic anemia

A

Infection
Hemorrhage
Death

46
Q

Complications of leukemia

A

Metastasis
Altered growth
Neurocognitive dysfunction
Ocular, CV, thyroid dysfunction

47
Q

Complications (not ss) of brain tumors

A

Hydrocephalus
Increased ICP
Brain stem herniation
Radiation side effects (neuro and endocrine)

48
Q

What the heck is a wilms tumor?

A

Renal tumor (1 kidney)
Abdominal mass
Mostly in 2-5 yo
Unknown cause
Grows fast
HTN in 25%

49
Q

Complications of GH deficiency and therapy

A

Altered carb, protein, and fat metabolism
Hypoglycemia, glucose intolerance, DM
SCFE
Pseudotumor cerebri
Leukemia
CNS tumors
Injection site infections
Edema and Na retention

50
Q

Complications of congenital adrenal hyperplasia

A

Hyponatremia
Hyperkalemia
Hypotension
Shock
Hypoglycemia
Short stature
Tumor in testicle
Male puberty at 2-3 yo
Ambiguous genitalia in girls

51
Q

Complications and characteristics of trisomy 21

A

Intellectual disability
Facial
Cardiac
Sensory
GI (constipation)
Infections
Poor feeding / FTT

52
Q

Complications of anorexia and bulimia

A

F and lyte
Hypothermia
Amenorrhea
Low blood volume/BP
Arrhythmias (bradycardia)
Esophagitis
Esophagus/stomach rupture
Tooth loss
Mental problems
18% mortality rate

53
Q

What is Broselow tape?

A

For <25 kg
Measures length to determine drug dosing in emergency

54
Q

What causes sudden cardiac arrest in kids?

A

Lyte
Drugs
Congenital or acquired heart defect
Lethal arrhythmias
CM
Trauma/injury to chest

55
Q

Complications of near drowning

A

Hypoxia
Hypothermia
Hypovolemia
Pulmonary edema
Neuro

56
Q

Complications and characteristics of cystic fibrosis

A

Hemoptysis
Pneumothorax
Bacterial colonization
Cor pulmonale
Volvulus
Intussusception
Intestinal obstruction
Rectal prolapse
GERD
DM
PHTN
Liver failure
Gallstones
Decreased fertility
Pancreatic enzyme activity is lost
Malabsorption of fats, proteins, and carbs
Poor growth
Large foul smelling stools

57
Q

What is hydrocele?

A

Fluid in scrotal sac
Resolves by 1 yo

58
Q

What is point tenderness?

A

Pain felt when pressure is placed on injury site
Reliable indicator of fracture in kids

59
Q

What is periodic breathing?

A

Regular breathing with periods of apnea

60
Q

Bacterial meningitis can lead to…

A

Brain damage
Nerve damage
Deafness
Stroke
Death

61
Q

Risk factors cardiomyopathy

A

Congenital and genetic
Myocarditis
HIV
Kawasaki
Infection and disease
Transplant and surgery
HTN
Muscular Dystrophy
Drugs, alcohol, radiation
Maternal DM
Family hx

62
Q

What is plagiocephaly?

A

Flattened part of head

63
Q

Complications of legg calve perthes

A

Joint deformity and disease
Pain
Decreased motion and function/ gait

64
Q

Potential complications of sickle cell disease

A

Stroke
Sepsis
Visual
Leg ulcers
Gallstones
Spleen sequestration
Delayed growth
Priapism
Enuresis
Multiple organ dysfunction

201: Peds Exam 2 (3 decks)

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