fun #1 Flashcards
opposite of passive voice. any sentence that has an active verb; doesnt have a helping verb
Ex: Johnny appleseed planted his seeds in the garden
active voice
An attack on the person rather than the issues at hand (common fallacy especially during election year)
Ad Hominem
the repetition of a phonetic sound at the beginning of several words in a sentence
alliteration
a reference that recalls another work, another time in history, another famous person, and so fourth.
allusion
technique of repetition. the last word of the clause begins the next clause, creating a connection of ideas important to the author’s purpose in some way.
anadiplosis
a term that signifies a relational comparison of or similarity between two objects or ideas
analogy
the deliberate repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of several successive poetic lines, prose sentences, clauses, or paragraphs
anaphora
the reversal of the natural order of words in a sentence or line of poetry.
anastrophe
an observation or claim that is in opposition to your claim or an author’s claim
antithesis
a brief statement of an opinion or elemental truth.
aphorism
prayer-like, this is a direct address to someone who is not present, to a dirty or muse, or to some other power
apostrophe
also called a noun phrase, modifies the noun next to it
appositive
an argument stating that something is true because it has never been proven false. such arguments rely on claims that are impossible to prove conclusively, and they often go both ways
argument from ignorance
the deliberate omission of conjunctions from a series of related independent clauses. the effect is to create a tight, concise, and forceful sentence
asyndeton
also called box populi, this argument is the “everyone’s doing it” fallacy and is especially appreciated
bandwagon
this argument occurs when the speaker states a claim that includes a word or phrase that needs to be defined before the argument can proceed
begging the question
another fallacy, this is known by another name, post hoc ergo promoter hoc (Latin- after this, therefore because of this). Such an argument falls under the general umbrella of a causality fallacy or false cause
cause and effect
an ABBA syntactical structure rather than the more common parallel ABAB structure. It is derived from the Greek letter X (chi); thus, the form is similar to an X.
chiasmus
a sentence structure that is a combination of a dependent clause and an independent clause
complex sentence
a sentence structure made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordination conjunction
compound sentence
a combination of a compound and a complex sentence
compound-complex sentence
the associations or moods that accompany a word. Words are generally negative, positive, or neutral
connotation
a basic statement or an assertion and is the most common type of sentence
declarative sentence
a form of logical argumentation that uses claims or premises. The assumption by the author is that you will accept the claims as true and that you will then deduce the correct conclusion from the accepted premises at the outset
deductive
opposite of connotation, the most specific or direct meaning of a word, in contrast to its figurative or associated meanings
denotation
