Full Unit Study Flashcards
What is a thermometer
Mechanical or electrical devices
that measure temperature
What is celsius?
- Common Unit of temperature
measurement in Canada - Named after Anders Celsius
- Celsius decided degree would be
the unit for temperature - He assigned 0 to the temperature
that ice melts, 100 for the
temperature water boils, then
evenly split up the in between into
100 degrees.
What is a kelvin?
- As scientific study advanced
scientists needed a scale that
started at the coldest possible
temperature - Coldest temperature is known
as “absolute zero” - The creation of the Kelvin
Scale - Named after William
Thompson, Lord of Kelvin
What is a absolute zero?
- Although it has never been reached, absolute zero is -
273.15oC - Units are not degrees, but simply called Kelvins
- Ex. The freezing temperature of water on the Kelvin
Scale is 273.15K
What is a thermocouple?
Made of two different
metals twisted together
* When metals are heated a
small electric current is
generated
* The amount of current
depends on the
temperature
* Great for really high
temperatures, poor for low
temperatures
What is a bimetallic strip?
- Two different metals joined
firmly together - When heated one metal expands
more quickly than the other,
causing it to coil more tightly - When cooled the opposite
occurs. - Useful in turning switches in
things like furnaces
What is energy?
- The measure of something’s
ability to do work - Whenever something
happens to an object energy
is being transferred
What is the law of
conservation of energy?
Energy cannot be created or
destroyed. It can only be transformed
from one type to another or passed
from one object to another.
What is expansion?
When particles spread away from each other because energy lessens the in-molecular bond.
What is contraction?
When particles get closer together because energy lessens the in-molecular bond.
What is a pure substance?
- Substances that are made up of only one kind of particle and have a fixed or constant structure
- Pure substances can be found as solid, liquid, or gas
- Gold, oxygen and water are pure substances
What is heat capacity?
- Amount of thermal energy that warms or cools the object by one degree Celsius
- Describes a particular object
What is specific heat capacity?
- Amount of thermal energy that warms or cools one gram of a material by one degree Celsius
- Describes a particular material
What is a melting point?
The temperature at which a substance goes from a solid to a liquid.
What is a boiling point?
The temperature at which a substance goes from a liquid boils/turns into a gas.
What is evaporative cooling?
- Particles are moving at many different speeds
- At the surface some faster moving particles are able to escape into the air
- When the energetic particles leave the remaining liquid is cooler
- The surface cools and this is known as evaporative cooling
What is radiation?
- Transfer of energy without any movement of matter
- Energy is known as radiant energy or electromagnetic radiation (EMR)
- Travels and behaves like a wave
- Can travel through space, air , glass and many other substances
What is conduction?
Process of transferring thermal energy though direct collisions between particles
What is convection?
Warm fluid it’s self moves from place to place, which carries thermal energy with it. Convection current: the moving fluid
What is geothermal energy?
- Volcanoes, hot springs and
geysers are indicators of the extremely hot materials in the Earth’s crust - This hot material can produce hot water or steam
- We can pipe this hot water into a power plant
What is passive solar heating?
Uses materials in the structure to absorb, store and release solar energy.
What is active solar heating?
Uses mechanical devices like fans to distribute stored thermal energy.
What are fossil fuels?
- Main energy source in Alberta and throughout the world
- Chemicals from plants and animals that died and decomposed millions of years ago and have been preserved deep underground
- Natural gas, petroleum oils, coal
What is cogeneration?
