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Social 30-1 > Full Review > Flashcards

Full Review Flashcards

1
Q

What’s an ideology

A

An ideology is a general understanding of how the world is and how the world ought to be

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2
Q

Was individualism important during the renaissance?

A

Yes, individuality became more important

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3
Q

What influenced the renaissance?

A

Influences from the Greek helped shape people’s worldview, weren’t stuck in a hierarchy

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4
Q

The Protestant Reformation (Two Points)

A
  1. Challenging the authority of the Roman Catholic Church
  2. Contributed to growing indavidualistic ideals
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5
Q

Individaulism ( P.R.I.C.E.S)

A

Rule of Law ( People equal under the law)
Individuals rights and freedoms ( freedom of religion, security or right to vote)
Private Property ( the right to control, own property as their own)
Economic Freedom ( buy or sell whatever)
Self-Interest ( personal well-being, advantage, or happiness)
Competition ( compete with one another for aspects of life)

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6
Q

During the medieval period, in terms of individualism and collectivism what was lost?

A

There was a hierarchical structure government and individual worth was greatly lost

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7
Q

Collectivism, considers the well-being of a community, sometimes as the expense of a…..

A

Individual

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8
Q

Principles of Collectivism ( P.E.C.C.C)

A

Public Property ( State-owned land, managed to the interest of the collective)
Co-Operation ( Co-operation not always consensual, dictatorship and violence)
Economic Equality ( wealth + resources distributed evenly)
Collective Interest ( A set of interests that a group has in common, labour unions, human rights groups)
Collective Responsibility ( Holding the group responsible for the actions of the individuals within the group)

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9
Q

Commitment to Collective Norms

A

Standards are imposed in collective societies
Have to be met to be apart of society
Example: if we were in a society where everyone’s grade was above a collective average. We could impose the standard that you must score above 75% to uphold society.

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10
Q

Individualism: values freedom and worth of the individual over the…..

A

Security and harmony of the group

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11
Q

Collectivism: values the goals of the group and the common good…..

A

Over the goals of any individual

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12
Q

Adam Smith is the…..

A

Father of Capitalism

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13
Q

Adam smith believed if individuals were free to make their own decisions in a free market,…..

A

The overall economic state will improve

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14
Q

Adam smith believed in the Rule Of Law, which is…..

A

Contracts

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15
Q

Adam smith supported…..

A

Individual rights and freedoms

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16
Q

Key Ideas Of Adam Smith Include….

A

Laissez-faire economics: Economy would regulate itself if left alone

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17
Q

Key Ideas of Adam Smith included the invisible hand, which is…..

A

Individuals pursuing their self-interest, unintentionally contributing to the overall economic well- being of society

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18
Q

Key Ideas of Adam Smith included the Division of Labour, which is….

A

Individuals specialize in specific tasks, increases productivity and overall economic output

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19
Q

Thomas Hobbes is an…..

A

Authoritarianism

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20
Q

Thomas Hobbes believed humans were….

A

Reckless if left alone, but could live in peace by giving up all of their rights to a ruler who in turn would protect them (Advocated for authoritarianism)

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21
Q

Thomas Hobbes, protection is called….

A

Social Contract

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22
Q

Yes Or No. Thomas Hobbes believed importance of rights and freedoms.

A

Yes

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23
Q

John Locke was both……

A

Constitution + Democracy

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24
Q

John Locke believed humans had….

A

Natural rights they were born with ( life, security, liberty)

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25
Q

John Locke advocated for….

A

Rule of Law, and for social contract

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26
Q

Yes Or No. John Locke wanted a constitution

A

Yes

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27
Q

John Locke believed government action had to be justified….

A

By popular consent (democracy)

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28
Q

Define Constitution

A

Fundamental rules and civil liberties, rights, and freedoms that outlines how a country or organization is structured and governed

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29
Q

Montesquieu ( Separations of Branches), believed in….

A

Believed in the rule of law, separations or branches, and individual rights and freedoms

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30
Q

Jean-Jacques Rossesau ( Will of People) believed people are good but…

A

Have been corrupted by civilization

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31
Q

Jean-Jacques Rousseau believed men are naturally free…

A

And equal

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32
Q

Jean-Jacques Rousseau believed the will of the people ( collective desires shared by a group) was…..

A

The absolute authority

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33
Q

What did Jean-Jacques Rousseau disagree with Locke?

A

He believed in direct democracy (citizens participating in making laws) rather than a representative democracy (citizens electing representatives to make laws on their behalf)

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34
Q

Karl Marx: Private Property ( Dictatorship Of The Workers), believed workers were exploited…

A

By the ruling class

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35
Q

Yes Or No. Karl Marx wasn’t moved by the problems of the Industrial Revolution

A

No. He was moved

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36
Q

What was the difference between Karl Marx and Adam Smith, in terms of change

A

Marx did not believe in gradual change

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37
Q

Explain Karl Marx philosophy in terms of the proletariat and the bourgeoisie

A

Believed workers ( proletariat) must replace the ruling class bourgeoisie) through revolution

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38
Q

Name two things Karl Marx wanted to abolish in terms of the economy

A

Private Property, and Profit Motive

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39
Q

Karl Marx believed individual difference would still exist but….

A

There would be more economic equality

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40
Q

Karl Marx wanted a ________ society

A

Classless

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41
Q

Karl Marx believed with surplus goods, crime and greed…..

A

Would not exist

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42
Q

John Stuart Mill believed that with freedom…

A

There was no harm

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43
Q

John Stuart Mill believed in….

A

Individual rights and freedoms

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44
Q

Yes Or No. John Stuart Mill believed in free speech

A

Yes

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45
Q

Jeremy Bentham ( Max Happiness for Most People) was a…..

A

Utilitarianism (actions are right if they promote the greatest happiness or pleasure for the greatest number of people)

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46
Q

Jeremy Bentham believed in protection for the…..

A

Majority

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47
Q

Jeremy Bentham believed people are born with liberty and…..

A

rights that are independent of government.

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48
Q

David Ricardo (Fair Wages) believed that wages paid to workers should be….

A

Determined by supply and demand for their skills

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49
Q

David Ricardo…. Aligns with three things ( hint one rhymes with Brevom)

A
  1. Economic Freedom 2. Self-Interest
  2. Competition
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50
Q

David Ricardo aligns with a….( perspective)

A

Laissez-faire economic perspective

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51
Q

Beliefs are acceptance of certain values, wheareas values are

A

Principles considered important, both influencing individual and societal behaviours

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52
Q

In terms of change extreme left support

A

Fast, violent change (Revolutionary of Radical describes this position)

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53
Q

Radicals are extremism of the….( right or left?)

A

Politcal left. Committed to making fundamental change in society and government. Radicals believe violence is justified in order to create the society of the future.

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54
Q

Extreme right in terms of change are what

A

Resist change, wi the violence if necessary. Counter Revolutionary or reactionary describes this

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55
Q

Extreme right can also mean what?!!!

A

Extreme rights can also support going back to how things were in the good old days

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56
Q

Define Reactionary.

A

An extremist of the political right who favours a return to traditional institutions and values of the past

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57
Q

Define Moderate ( Should Be Easy?!!!)

A

Moderate is someone who is generally satisfied the way things are. While some moderates, would not support change others would support a reform of the existing political and economic order

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58
Q

Democracy would be where on the continuum.

A

centre

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59
Q

Communism is extreme….

A

Left

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60
Q

Fascism is….

A

Extreme right

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61
Q

The extreme left and right favor….:

A

Total government control to achieve their objectives

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62
Q

Socialist ( centre-left) believe that government….

A

Has a significant role in controlling vital industries and agencies

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63
Q

Liberals ( center) believe government…..

A

Has a role in shaping a better society

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64
Q

Conservatives ( center right) believes the role of government….

A

Should be limited

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65
Q

Anarchists believe that….

A

government shouldn’t exist at all

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66
Q

Where would Lenin plus Stalin plus Thomas Hobbes fit on the political spectrum?

A

Extreme Left

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67
Q

First name where socialism would be on the political spectrum. Then name a country supporting that and a government party and a philosopher

A

Centre-left. Sweden. NDP. Rosseau

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68
Q

First Define what Democratic Socialism is. Then where it would be on the political spectrum

A

Similar to normal democracy but stronger role of government in society. It would be centre-left on the political spectrum.

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69
Q

Modern Liberalism is where on the political spectrum? Name two important things on modern liberalism. What politcal people would be on this spectrum? Name a philosopher of this?

A

Left. Equality and Liberal. Democrats and Democracy. John Locke

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70
Q

Classical Liberalism is where on the politcal spectrum and it believes what in change? What type of tradition does it believe in? What political people on this spectrum? And a philosopher on this spectrum.

A

Right. Believes in past traditions. Conservative, Republicans, and Democracy. John Locke

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71
Q

Neo-conservative is where on the political spectrum and in terms of change what? They support, what in terms of government? Political people who believe in this? And a philosopher?

A

Right. Resist Change (gradual change) . Support an active role of government.Conservative, Far-right republicans, Democracy. Leo Strauss.

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72
Q

Far-right political ideology. A important person who supports. They want to go back in time, violence!!!! A philosopher who supports.

A

Fascism and Reactionary. Hitler (Nazi). Thomas Hobbes

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73
Q

On the not extreme but far-left on the economic spectrum name two types of economy, an enterprise, a philosophy, change…what, dictatorship of the _____, In terms of Stalin and other guy what???? Lenin plus_____, What country and period.

A

Command Economy and Communist Economy. Public Enterprise.Marxism ( proletariat overthrow burgeoisie). Revolutionary Change. Dictatorship of the Proletariat. USSR, Stalin, 5 Year Plans. Lenin + Gorbachev. Post Mao China.

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74
Q

Socialism support _____ taxation. Yes or no: Universality ( social assistance for all). What type of economy

A

High. Yes. Mixed Economy (Some capitalism, some gov.intervention)

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75
Q

Welfare Capitalism is where on the economic spectrum. Then name an economic philosopher who follows this. Name a deal. Government does what? What economics? Name a prime minister who supports?

A

Left (modern liberalism). Franklin Roosevelt. “New Deal”. Government Steps in ( adress social and economic issues). Keynesian Economics ( Demand Side Economics). Justin Trudeau

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76
Q

On the economic spectrum, where is classical conservatism ( before neo-conservatism). What is a key idea of idea of it. What must the government do?

A

Right. Hierarchy ( Separation of classes). Gov. must help lower classes.

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77
Q

Where is Neo-conservatism on the economic spectrum? Does it support modern liberalism? What concepts does it support?

A

Far-right. Opposes modern liberalism. Privatization. “Trickle Down Theory”

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78
Q

On the economic spectrum where is classical liberalism. Name an economic philosopher who aligns with it. Name two concepts with this. In the name of the government, what does it agree with?

A

Farthest-right. Adam Smith. Private Enterprise, Laissez-faire ( both are different names for capitalism). No government intervention

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79
Q

Where would these concepts fit on the economic spectrum: Supply-side economics ( reduce debt by cutting social programs), Reduced government intervention, Reaganomics, and Thatcherism.

A

Right

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80
Q

Where would these concepts fit on the economic spectrum: Invisible hand, Competition, Boom and Bust, Great Depression

A

Right

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81
Q

Non-Democratic System: describe Authoritarian, and Totalitarian

A
  1. Repressive ( restraining personal freedom) which allow weak legislatures to exists, limited democratic institutions
  2. Totalitarian (Control all aspects of society as well as the individual)
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82
Q

In Authoritarinism ( Dictatorships) explain how power is in terms of society.

A

Power is concentrated into hands of only a few people or one person, cult of personality.

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83
Q

What are Oligarchies? Authoritarianism (Dictatorships)

A

A form of government which power rests with a small elite segment of society. (Powerful families)

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84
Q

What are One Party State? And Military Dictatorships ( Juntas)? are Authoritarianism (Dictatorships)

A
  1. Only one party forms the government
  2. Political Power resides with the military leadership
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85
Q

Techniques of Authoritarian Systems: 😈, describe Propaganda

A

Controlling the media
Attempts to indoctrinate

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86
Q

Techniques of Authoritarian Systems: 😈, describe indoctrination

A

Systemic teaching to strengthen the popular support of the government

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87
Q

Techniques of Authoritarian Systems: 😈, describe use of force

A

Strong military and Secret Police

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88
Q

Techniques of Authoritarian Systems: 😈, describe direction of popular discontent

A

Dictators blame others for their problems

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89
Q

Techniques of Authoritarian Systems: 😈, describe controlled participation

A

Allowed to participate in a very controlled setting

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90
Q

20th century rejection of Liberalism: Features of Totalitarianism describe the the cult of leader “Great Man Theory”, organization, mass mobilization and indoctrination, and central control of all organizations

A
  1. Leader is elevated in an almost god-like status ( Othello’s!!! Iykyk)
  2. Single Political Party serves leader in promoting the ideology
  3. Aggressive warfare to keep people mobilized
  4. Art, clubs, labour unions, churches, and economy, etc. controlled by the terrorist
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91
Q

Features of Totalitarianism: what type of ideology? The secret police to do what? And use of terror and violence to do what?

A

Extreme Ideology, Control the citizens, Maintain control

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92
Q

Explain the logic of totalitarianism in terms of imperfection.

A

They want to create a perfect society out of imperfect human. So that’ll need high control of everything in their life.

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93
Q

Explain the logic of authoritarian governments in terms of utopia.

A

Authoritarian governments are not interested in creating a utopia, but maintaining control over existing society.

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94
Q

Totalitarian leaders become so obsessed with control that they….

A

Eliminate not just enemies but loyal deputies who could become rivals. Even when no potential rivals exist, they conduct bloody purges

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95
Q

Explain the characteristics of violence. There’s five. In a leader status does what? What does it do economically? What do they do to political opponents? To a group, what do they do? Useful for what type of people 😉?

A
  1. Enhances a leader’s status
  2. Bring economic gain ( confiscation of property)
  3. Punishes Political Opponents ( discourages future opposition)
  4. Destroys a group completely. May help solidify support among the other groups.
  5. Useful for dictators
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96
Q

Characteristics of Terror: What is it useful in the long or short term? One more think, it’s similar to fire. What’s the goal

A

Useful in short term, Arbitrary and Unpredictable. Goal: Produce an extreme fear in to paralyze people into an utter lack of resistance. Goal: Terror creates an emotional and psychological state.

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97
Q

Where violence is a reaction to resistance, terror seeks….

A

To prevent resistance from ever forming

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98
Q

The two extremes of Totalitarianism ( do not mix up in written) explain

A

Radical: As in the Soviet Union. Progressive, create a classless society, egalitarian

Reactionary: As in Nazi germany. Regressive, hierarchy system, elitest

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99
Q

Both Communisma do Facism use….

A

Totalitarian governments

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100
Q

Communism: Does everyone share everything? In terms of private ownership is there something? What’s the goals of communism?

A

Everyone in the community shares everything, there’s no private ownership, the goal is to have a society where everyone is equal, and resources are divided equally among all people

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101
Q

Facism: what does a political leader and government control? Facism in terms of nations are….. And it limits

A

Everything. Nationalistic. Individual freedoms

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102
Q

Radical Government: USSR, desire to move…. Of the economic spectrum. Complete rejection of …….. and economic tradition of the …….

A

Toward the far left side of the economic spectrum. Political, of the past

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103
Q

Reactionary Government: Nazi, desire to move torward an ……… There was an acceptance of economic ……

A

Idealized past. Inequality (accepting some people are better than others)

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104
Q

Difference between totalitarianism and authoritarian systems in terms of control.

A

Authoritarianism is limited ( focus on maintaining order and control over political opposition, but may allow more freedom in other aspects, such as the economy or culture)

Totalitarianism is cover all aspects. (aim to control beliefs, values, and behaviours of their citizens to conform to control an ideology. Control over everything beyond politics)

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105
Q

Difference between totalitarian and authoritarian system: political systems

A

Authoritarian is a single leader or small group ( May be some checks or balances)

Totalitarian is a single ruling party or leader (political power is monopolized)

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106
Q

Difference between totalitarian and authoritarian systems: individual liberties

A

Authoritarian: Restricted, but still have some independence ( Such as in economic activities or social life)

Totalitarian l: Severely limited across all area (Severely limited individual liberties across all aspects of life)

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107
Q

Examples of Authoritarian and Totalitarian governments

A

Authoritarian: Juntas, Absolute Monarchies

Totalitarian: Nazi, USSR, North Kore

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108
Q

The Rise of Totalitarianism in Russia: Bloody Sunday Russian workers protest to show ________ to the ____ ( monarch of Russia). Wants ______ education system, better _____ conditions, wages, Hundreds were _________ down, A _____ broke, the Czar was forced to allow some ______. _____ were not enough to satisfy the ______. They were outraged ______ to the ______ Revolution

A

A petition, Czar. Sponsored. Working. Gunned. Revolution. Reforms. Reforms. People. Leading. Russian.

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109
Q

Russian Revolution: The ______ ( communists), under Vladimir Lenin, sought to ______ this ______ system which exploited the _____ ( workers)

A

Bolsheviks. Destroy. Class-based. Proletariat.

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110
Q

“Land, Peace, and bread”: Lenin and the ______ believed with violent revolution, they can ______ the ______ plus avoid further development of the ______ in Russia

A

Bolsheviks. Overthrow. Government. Liberalism

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111
Q

Communism in the Soviet Union: _____ had developed theories of communism. Lenin believed in _____. Lenin introduced the _______ which brought back some aspects of _______ temporarily

A

Karl Marx. Marxism. New Economic Policy. Capitalism.

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112
Q

Based on the definition what is the difference between Communism and Marxism?

A

Communism is a type of government while Marxism is an economic and political theory.

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113
Q

What are the differences in focus between Communism and Marxism?

A

Communism focuses on a classless society, while Marxism focuses on working classes and their struggle against the upper class

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114
Q

What is the difference between communism and Marxism in how they are achieved?

A

Both are achieved through a violent revolution, however Communism can also be achieved through peaceful revolution

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115
Q

What is the difference between Communism and Marxism in terms of their belief?

A

Communism does not believe in the existence of a class struggle while Marxism does?

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116
Q

What is the difference between Communism and Marxism in terms of application?

A

Communism is applied from the beginning, while Marxism is applied in a country once it has become a socialist state

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117
Q

What is the difference between communism and Marxism in terms of dependency?

A

Communism is not dependent on economic conditions, while Marxism is

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118
Q

What is the difference between the goals of Communism and Marxism?

A

Communism’s goal is to create a classless society, while Marxism’s goal is to establish society through the abolition of capitalism

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119
Q

Stalin came into power after who died? How did Stalin decide to make Russia more communist?

A

Lenin. Creating a centralized economy and implementing the 5 years plan.

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120
Q

5 Years Plan: individualism or collectivism? Kulaks ( rich land owning peasants) did not want to give up ______. Became ______ of ______ and sent to gulags. Distruption of agriculture process lead to food ______ such as the ______ in Ukraine ( Ukraine and Russia good for essay)

A

Collectivism. Property. Scapegoats. Collectivization. Shortages. Holdomor.

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121
Q

The Rise of Totalitarianism in Germany: Treaty Of Versailles ( Gargle)

A

(G)uilt ( Guilt tripping Germany by blaming them for WW1)
(A)rmy ( Power reduced, pretty much no army)
( R) eperations $$$
(G) ermany gets smaller ( loose territory)
(L) eague of Nations (Useless, Germany can’t join)
(E) xtra (Cannot unite with Austria)

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122
Q

Describe Beer Hall Pustch; Hitler

A

This was Hitler’s first attempt to overthrow the government. Tried a revolutionary act. Failed and Hitler was arrested

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123
Q

In Prison, Hitler wrote a book that outlines his ideas of leadership, what is it called?

A

Main Kampf

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124
Q

How was Germany’s economy? The economy started to improve till the….with World depression, who did people turn to in these economic crises?? Government proposed what for Hitler? How did they view Hitler

A

In ruins. Till the Great Depression and Stock Market Crash. Hitler. Hitler should become chancellor. Government agreed as they thought Hitler posed no real threat and could be easily manipulated

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125
Q

Viability of Liberalism: The examination of whether ____ is a practical and workable ______ for organizing and _____ a society

A

Liberalism, approach, governing,

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126
Q

Concept fall under the umbrella of Viability of Liberalism: Describe Humanitarianism

A

Use of tragedies to influence the spread of Liberalism

127
Q

Concept that fall under the umbrella of Viability of Liberalism: Describe Imposing Liberalism

A

Use of aggression of another nation to influence Liberalism

128
Q

Concept fall under the umbrella of Viability of Liberalism: Describe Illiberalism

A

Liberal Democracy breaking its own liberal beliefs on its people

129
Q

Humanitarianism: Describe Boxing Day Tsunami (two points)

A

Indian Ocean Tsunami. Humanitarian aid provided by numerous countries and organizations

130
Q

Humanitarianism, Describe: Haitian Earthquake

A

Earthquake struck Haiti, catastrophic impact. Humanitarian aid provided by numerous countries and organizations

131
Q

Humanitarianism, describe Ebola Crisis:

A

Ebola Outbreak in West Africa, severe and fatal virus. Humanitarian aid again provided by numerous countries and organizations

132
Q

Humanitarianism: describe Syrian Refugee Crisis.

A

Civil War in Syria led to humanitarian challenges. Humanitarian aid provided by numerous countries and organizations

133
Q

Humanitarianism relates to the principles of liberalism: 1. Humanitarianism and Liberal Values: Emphasizes ______, Global ______, and compassionate _____ provision

A

Human rights, Justice, aid

134
Q

How Humanitarianism relates to the principles of liberalism: 2. International cooperation and Global Solidarity: Collaborative _____, and promotes _______ coordination among nations

A

Efforts, International,

135
Q

How Humanitarianism relates to the principles of liberalism: Human Rights and Aid Provision: Valuing ______ Rights, Emphasizing ____ to those affected

A

Human Rights, Aid Provision,

136
Q

How Humanitarianism relates to the principles of liberalism:Development and Long-term solutions: Emphasizing sustainable _________ plus ________, addressing root causes

A

Reconstruction, development,

137
Q

How Humanitarianism relates to the principles of liberalism:Burden-sharing and Responsibility: Urging nations to _______ the burden, _______ addressing ______ challenges

A

Share, Collectively,

138
Q

How Humanitarianism relates to the principles of liberalism: Ethical Considerations: Reflecting _______ concerns about ______ responsibility and _______ aid provision

A

Liberalism’s, moral, compassionate

139
Q

Imposing Liberalism: 1. End of the Cold War: The U.S move ______ after the _______ but without an enemy that allows the ____to expand influence and authority. The _____ Middle East is now a new _____ of interest for the ____

A

Forward, Cold War, US, oil rich, US

140
Q

Imposing Liberalism: 2. Gulf War: Saddam Hussein’s Iraq ( backed by US) was involved in a ______ against ____ ( backed by USSR), After War, Hussein was broke, invades _____. _____ orders Saddam out, Saddam _____. The ____ takes the lead to remove ______ from ____ ( even after being Iraq’s former ally). Operation is launched after _____ refuses the final _____ to leave. A ____ force of many nations ( including Canada) was led by the ____. Remove ______ from Kuwait. After Gulf War, ____ is forced to have UN _____ of his weapons programs. Inspections would be a long battle between _____ and the UN ( huge problem for US too). This _____ eventually contributed to the ____ that led to the Iraq war, as they argued _____ was not _____ with the _____program ______.

A

War, Iran, Kuwait( oil-rich), UN, refuses, US, Saddam, Kuwait, Saddam, ultimatum, UN, US, Saddam, Saddam, inspections, Saddam, situation, Iraq, complying, weapons, disarmament.

141
Q

Coalition: group of ____ and/ or ____ entities that join together for a common _____ or ____

A

Military, political, purpose, mission

142
Q

9/11: The attacks on the WTC were organized by……

A

Al Qaeda + Osama Bin Laden

143
Q

Reasons for the attacks 9/11: 1. Supporting ____ in an Iran-Iraq war 2. Supporting ____ during Soviet Invasion then forgetting about them. 3 Not doing anything while _____ killed many 4 Supporting _____ 5 American ____ in Saudi 5 All policies based on American ____ Important: Manily due to American foreign policy in the _____ since the end of Cold War

A

Iraq, Afghanistan, Saddam, Israel, troops, Self-Interest, Middle East

144
Q

Afghanistan: After 9/11 came the invasion of Afghanistan ( Al Qaeda + Bin Landen’s main base), A new American foreign policy was created ( _________). Using _____, the US gives the Taliban an Ultimatum- hand over bin Landen or ______. NATO ( including Canada) led by the US began the invasion and search for _____. Taliban removed from power but war continues due to Taliban ___________. Bin Landen was not found.

A

The Bush Doctrine. NATO, invasion,Bin Laden, Insurgency Groups,

145
Q

Bush Doctrine: Describe

A

The Doctrine was to democratize the world with or without force and remove “unfriendly” dictators

146
Q

Iraq War: With Afghanistan War nearly finished, Bush implements Bush Doctrine starting in ______. First, he convinced the world it would be ____ by linking to 9/11. He got turned down by ______ to use ____ to get rid of Saddam. Bush then turns to ________. The ____ was successful in capturing + executing Saddam, but _____ groups have caused ____ since

A

Iraq, UN, force, Coalition of the Willing. US. Insurgency. Chaos

147
Q

Describe Coalition of the Willing. Did Canada fight in Iraq

A

Groups of nations that wanted to support the United States in Iraq. No

148
Q

Describe Rejecting Principles Of Liberalism (Illiberalism)

A

Political Ideology or system that opposes the principles of liberalism. (restricting individual freedoms, curbing democracy, challenging the rule of law)

149
Q

Crisis Situations 😅: Principles of liberalism is often tested when? During times of war, environmental cris, People’s rights and freedoms are normally l, what?

A

During times of crisis. Limited

150
Q

Describe War Measures Act

A

Gave the federal cabinet emergency powers

151
Q

Justification for War Measures Act: 1: it was necessary for _____, Depending on the _____ of situation, Essential to protect other principles of _____

A

the good of society, severity, liberalism.

152
Q

Describe Beer Hall Pustch, and Mein Kampf

A
  1. Hitler’s first attempt to overthrow the government. Tried a revolutionary act
  2. Mein Kampf: In prison, Hitler wrote a book outlining his ideas of leadership
153
Q

The Reichstag Fire: The _____ building burnt down. A _______ was found inside. Chancellor Hitler convinced people the _________ was trying to take power by terrorrism. He banned ______ from the Reichstag, riding government of his main _____

A

Reichstage. Communist. Communist. Communists. Opposition.

154
Q

Enabling Act of 1933: Helped ______ achieve full control of Germany. Parliament denied _______, but military influence of Hitler’s men forced them.

A

Hitler. Enabling Act.

155
Q

What did the Enabling Act allow Hitler to do, in terms of law making? What did it allow Hitler to do, in terms of other political parties?

A

It granted Hitler the right to make laws himself. If dissolved other political parties, formed Hitler’s dictatorship.

156
Q

The Night of Long Knives: Series of purges and _________ by Hitler to consolidate his authority. Hitler saw SA men as ______ to his control. To eliminate, Hitler arrested and purged its _____. He also moved against ______ critics who opposed his regime.

A

Executions. Threat. Leadership. Conservative

157
Q

Death of President Hindenburg: Combined what in Hitler’s role

A

Combined Hitler’s role of the chancellor and president as the Fuhrer.

158
Q

WW1 and Enemy Aliens: When Canada at War in WW1, under War Measures Act l, immigrants from opposing countries, were called what?

A

Enemy Aliens

159
Q

Describe Enemy Aliens, What kind of card did they have to have on them, what languages could they only speak?, could they leave the country?, could they have firearms?, were they banned from joining a group the government deemed dangerous?

A

Immigrants from opposing countries. ID cards. English or French. No. No. Yes

160
Q

Where were Enemy Aliens, sent to? What happened to their property? When did camps close? Was an apology or compensation offered?

A

Deported or sent to interment camps. Confiscated. Two years after the war ended. No.

161
Q

WW2 and Japanese Interment: where were many Japanese Canadian placed in? What was the zone called where Japanese were sent ( single suitcase each)? What happened to the men of the family? What happened to the women and children? What did the government do to their property

A

Japanese-Canadians were placed in interment camps. “Protected Area” where Japanese were sent ( single suitcase) each. Separated from family and sent to work camp. Sent away the women and children. Government seized + sold their property.

162
Q

At the end of World War Two where did the government of Canada remove the Japanese-Canadians? Where did the Japanese-Canadians go? Which PM acknowledged the unjust actions and awarded 21,000$ for each person wronged.

A

At the end of war, government decided to remove Japanese from zones. Many left Canada, most moved East. 1998, PM Brian Mulroney acknowledged unjust actions.

163
Q

What time was the October Crisis?

A

1960s, a period of change

164
Q

During October Crisis there was the Quiet Revolution, what is secularization? There was rapid secularization, and what did the province do? There was also a surge of what province nationalism? Which created more opportunities of what type of people ( think French)?

A

Society becoming less influenced or controlled by religious beliefs. Took control of education and health care. Quebec Nationalism. Francophones.

165
Q

Still during October Crisis: FLQ, what was FLQ? What was FLQ’s goal? Did they believe things were moving fast or slow? What did they support?

A

Separatist and radical group in Quebec. Sought to acheive an independent + socialist Quebec. Too slow. Supported terrorism to push faster.

166
Q

1970: FLQ abducted who? Who did they kidnap and kill? What act got invoked because of this? How many people were arrested without warrants and how many days were they held for up to?

A

James Cross, British Trade Commissioner. Kidnapped + Killed Pierre Laporte, a Quebec cabinet minster. War Measures Act. 500 arrested without warrants and held up to 90 days

167
Q

What act did the Emergencies Act Replace? What did it be harmonized with?

A

It replaced the War Measures Act, to be harmonized with Charter of Rights and Freedoms.

168
Q

What defines an Emergency Situation? ( three things)

A

Natural Catatrophe. Diseases in humans, animals, or plants. Accident or pollution.

169
Q

In what ways does the emergency act limit the power of the government? It also must specify what, in terms of part?

A

All measures are subject to approval of Parliment. What parts of Canada apply to this

170
Q

What rights must it take into consideration ( reasonable limits/ emergency act)? What is giving to anyone suffering cause of the damage?

A

Compensations to anyone suffering damage as a result of the Act

171
Q

Canadian-Terrorism Act: This act was created in response to what? What does it grant authorities?

A

9/11 Attacks and global terrorism concerns. Increased powers for surveillance and detention of individuals suspected of terrorist activities.

172
Q

Canada’s No-fly List: What type of program was it? What type of individuals did it prevent? Individuals are added based on what assessments?

A

Passenger Protect Program. Preventing individuals considered a threat from boarding commercial flights. Intelligence and Security Assessments.

173
Q

Maher Arar’s Case: Maher Arar, a Canadian Citizen, was wrongfully what, and sent where? What did Canadian authorities do that led to Arar’s inclusion on a U.S Watchlist? What did Arar face in Syrian custody? Arar was found to have no ties with what? What did the inquiry conclude?

A

Detained, sent to Syria. Shared Information with U.S counterparts. Torture and Abuse. Terrorism. Flawed information-sharing contributed to his ordeal.

174
Q

USA Patriot Act: Similar to what Canadian Act? Created in response to what? What powers did it give to law enforcement agencies? Both acts are criticized for what?

A

Canadian Anti-Terrorism Act. 9/11 Attacks and to enhance national security and combat terrorism l. Gave powerful surveillance powers. Potential violations of privacy and civil liberties.

175
Q

Describe Illiberalism, a case study of it is Omar Khadr

A

Liberal beliefs are broken. Raised in an Islamist family with connections to militant group, sent to Guatanamo Bay unfairly, given compensation by Canadian Government

176
Q

Illiberalism in Canada: First Nations ( Assimilation). Euoropeans Vs. First Nations, What is Social Darwinism?

A

Natural Selection, survival of the fittest

177
Q

Illiberalism in Canada 🇨🇦: First Nations, what should you remember? What did principles of liberalism ( European Colonizers) not align with? What did the difference cause problems in, this can be shown as what values? During the signing of treaties ( between FN and 🇨🇦) what barriers where there and what type of superiority? What did this cause?

A

Assimilation. did not align with Indigenous beliefs. Caused problems in areas such as land ownership, education, work, and governance. Individuals Vs. Collectivism. Language barriers, white superiority ( social Darwinism). Due to this, many conflicts arose.

178
Q

What was the first conflict between FN and 🇨🇦? Describe what it was?

A

Started from the very beginning, “Land Holding”. More Immigrants arrived from Europe ———> take away FN land and promise compensation.

179
Q

Indigenous Policies in Canada: Gradual Civilization Act 🫵: What type of people did this act help? Would be considered what? And they were also given what? Did the act succeed?

A

Any FN man who gave up Indian Status. Enfranchised ( can now vote), and given 50 acres of land, it failed

180
Q

Indian Act ( Still Enforced Today): Replaced what act? Defined what type of people could do? Did it impose definition of what an FN was? What was the goal of the act? What did it encourage FN to do, this can be called what? What did it to individual and collective rights? Describe Paternalism?

A

Gradual Civilization Act. FN person. Yes. Assimilation. Encourages to abandon Indian status and become a full fledged Canadian ( Paternalism). Limited individual and collective rights. Someone in a position of power or authority making desicions of others.

181
Q

The White Paper: Trudeau came into power, promising what? What did the white paper, do? It believed what, in terms of status? Aligned with what liberal principles? Did it follow a paternalistic attitude? Was any FN consulted, when law was made?

A

“A Just Society”. Abolished all legislation that separated indigenous from Canada. Unique Status. Equality and individual rights. Yes. No.

182
Q

The Red Paper: The Red Paper was in response to what? What did it recognize indigenous as? Any change in the Indian Act, needed consensus by who? The government set aside what?

A

White Paper. Distinct + Having Control over their own future (SELF GOVERNANCE). First Nations and Inuit. The White Paper.

183
Q

Nisga’a Ian Agreement: What did the agreement have the amount of? They were allowed to own what? They were still bound by what?

A

Amount of Self Governance they have. Own Constitution, Public Institutions and Separate Police Board. Provincial and Federal Laws. ( Indigenous Peoples)

184
Q

Another Case Study of Canada Illiberalism: Residential Schools, What was the goal of residential schools? What did liberal practice did it reflect? and they separated children from families, suppressing their culture. What type of abuse and erasure violated basic liberal principles?

A

Assimilate Indigenous Children into Western Culture. Illiberalism Practices. Systemic Abuse and cultural erasure.

185
Q

How did constitutions begin?

A

The American Declaration of Independence, French Revolution, people wanted their role and rights and of the ruler written down.

186
Q

Branches Of Government: 1. Executive Branch: was it the most powerful? It composed of what people? 2. Legislative Branch: are full of elected or appointed what? What do they make? Support what branch? Judicial Branch: They settle what, and uphold what? What do they interpret? It does not do what?

A

Yes. Leader of Government + cabinet. Elected or appointed representatives. Laws. Executive. Settle Disputes, uphold rule of law. Constitution. Laws.

187
Q

Unitary State: the central government has how much authority? Power is given to smaller branches from where? What’s an Example

A

All. The center. China.

188
Q

Federal States: Is politcal power divided between levels of government? Examples of this?

A

Yes,(Set in Constitution). Canada, US

189
Q

Rights and Freedoms of Individual 🧍‍♀️: Based on type of governmental system: political rights: adress the role of individual in what system? Civil Liberties: Ability of a political system to allow people to do what? Includes, also?

A

Political System. Form their own values and opinions. Freedoms.

190
Q

Political Parties 🎉: what do they to the government? What is their primary function? What do they act on? Example: One party system ( dictatorial) Two party System ( USA) Multi-party System ( Canada)

A

Influence or control the descicions of the government. Link between the government and the people. Act as a set of values or ideologies.

191
Q

Interest Groups 🪧: What do they wish to do to government policy? Their ability depends on their what? What are examples of indirect interest groups? What is lobbying? What is Affiliations? Examples of direct interest group

A

Influence it. Resources and Popular Support. Lobbying and Affiliations. Attempt to influence government policies through speeches, meetings etc. supporting political parties who values are similar to the lobby group. Mass demonstrations, boycotts, strikes, ads, and publications/interviews with the media.

192
Q

What are the two key terms of the media? The role of the media in democracies + dictatorships is based on what?

A

Indoctrination and Propaganda. Its relation to the government and ‘people’ in charge.

193
Q

Politcal Process 🗳️: Elections, determine what? What are ways to corrupt the electoral process? How does fundraising help with media exposure?

A

What party will make up the government? Ballot Stuffing, intimidation at the polls, discrimination, vote rigging. More Campaign Funding = more media exposure

194
Q

Suffrage 🗳️❓: Suffrage is what? People who are “disenfranchised” don’t have what? Examples: Woman, Minorities

A

The right to vote in political elections. Do not have the vote.

195
Q

Electoral System is what?

A

How a nation chooses a government.

196
Q

Single Member Constituency and Single Vote ( Electoral System) How many votes does each voter get, and does the candidate with most votes in each area win? The party with the most winner overall forms what? Examples: Canada, ______ , India, USA

A

One Vote. Yes. The government. Great Britain.

197
Q

Single Member Constituency and Second Ballot ( electoral system) : how many votes does each voter get? A canidate must have more than what votes, to win? If no one gets more than half, what do the top two candidates have? Examples; Egypt, France, _____

A

One vote. More than half the votes to win. A second election. Iran.

198
Q

Preferential Voting ( electoral system): Voters list candidates in order of what? If no candidate get more than 50% of the first-choice votes, what happens to the candidate with the fewest votes? What happens to the eliminated candidates votes? This process continues until when?

A

Preference. That person is eliminated. They’re redistributed based on the next preference on the ballot. Until one Candidate has more than 50%.

199
Q

Proportional Representation ( Electoral System): seats are allocated based on what? Voters vote for what? Is it the most common system in the world? Is the preference more accurately reflected?

A

Proportion of votes a party receives. A party, not a specific candidate. Yes. Yes.

200
Q

Policies and Goals 🤞: Equality and Justice: look to ensure what for members? Self-Government: is the decentralization for what? It grants powers where? Stability: suspension of civil liberties during what times? They sacrifice the right of individual to the nation, in order to provide what? Democratization: is the inclusion of people in what?

A

Are treated equally under the law. Power. To different areas. Times of crisis. Stability. In the political processes.

201
Q

Parliamentary Democracy 🇨🇦: What is the key feature of this democracy ( relationship between two branches)? What type of government? For a new law to become official, the whole of what has to agree on it? What are the two big roles? What are the two parts of parliaments, one is what by the people, and the other is chosen by different ways. What is responsible government ( think what government has to do during emergency act explain its process to……)

A

Relationship between the legislative and executive branches of government. Responsible Government. Parliament. Head of State ( Monarch) + head of government ( PM). Elected by the people. Explain its actions to parliament. If the parliament doesn’t have confidence in the government, they can call a what? ( Election)

202
Q

Presidential 🇺🇸: What is the key feature of this type of democracy? Compare with parliamentary, in terms of branches. Power is evenly distributed where? Each branch has its own area of what?

A

Checks and Balances ( All branches are seperate, unlike parliamentary, where the legislative and executive branches are more interconnected). Equally among branches. Responsibility.

203
Q

The Presidental System of Branches: Executive: which people are in it? It is directly voted by citizen votes? What does it appoint? What can the president veto from the legislative branch?

A

Head of State/Head of Government, directly voted by citizen voters. The cabinet. Legislations.

204
Q

The Presidental System of Branches: Legislative: is it directly voted by voters? What is the lower house composed of? What is the upper house? Together executive and legislative can override that what by the president?

A

Yes. House of Representatives. Senate. The Veto.

205
Q

The Presidental System of Branches: Judicial: is appointed by who? What do they interpret? They can declare what unconstitutional?

A

The President. Laws. Legislation.

206
Q

Constituencies (Ridings) 🗣️: The representation is by what? Only one person represents what? First is Past The Post ( describe this)

A

Population ( for every 100,000 people ——-> 1 riding). party in each riding. (Whoever get the most votes wins, doesn’t need to have majority)

207
Q

First Past The Post Simplified:

Candidate A: 40%
Candidate B: 35%
Candidate C : 25%

Candidate A has the most votes, but they don’t have what?

This leads to what?

Each Constituency ( riding) will be represented by one person ( First Past The Post) within where? They will win the “seat” and become a MP ( member of parliament)

A

The majority. Many people not being represented by the person they selected ( 60% of voters didn’t want Candidate A). The House of Commons.

208
Q

Canadian Political Parties 🇨🇦🎉: NDP: believe in what type of democracy, and explain it? And what type of system?

A

Social Democracy ( government should play a significant role in managing society for overall good) social welfare system.

209
Q

Canadian Political Parties 🇨🇦🎉: Bloc Québécois: main goal is to have what for Quebec? Believes in what type of welfare?

A

For Quebec to become a separate, interdependent country from Canada. Social Welfare.

210
Q

Canadian Political Parties 🇨🇦🎉: Liberals: assist what type of people in society? Support what type of system? How much government regulation? And believe in what role, for Federal government to do what?

A

Assists the poor and disadvantaged group in society. Social welfare program. Less government regulation ( more self-reliance). Larger role, to promote national unity.

211
Q

Canadian Political Parties 🇨🇦🎉: Conservatives: believe in a social welfare system based on what right? How much government involvement in all aspects? Supports what?

A

Individual’s rights to freedom of choice ( individual’s can choose Social services and benefits they receive). Reduce government involvement in all aspects ( greater self-reliance). Competition.

212
Q

Canadian Political Parties 🇨🇦🎉: Green: promote a society emphasizing what? Mostly holds what accountable? Unlikely to form what by themselves?

A

Environmental Beliefs. To the environment. Government.

213
Q

Majority 🔋: A majority government is formed when ( Canada)? Can A majority always get bills passsed? Majority government does not have to worry about what, because of what? What is a bill?

A

A party holds more than 50% of the seats in the House of Commons. Yes. Does not have to worry about “confidence” within responsibility because of “Party Loyalty/ Discipline” . a proposal for a new law.

214
Q

What is Strong Party Discipline?

A

Every MP must strongly support + agree with their party’s ideology.

215
Q

What is minority government? What does a minority government need to get a bill passed? When minority government team up to gain “confidence” is called a what? What’s more stable, a majority or minority government?

A

Parties hold less than 50% of the seats in the House Of Commons. Need to have another party support. Coalition. Majority governments.

216
Q

Party Discipline 🤝: every MP must do what in terms of their party ideology? MP’s also need to take into consideration what? If there is discrepancy between the party’s stance and the people they represent. What will MP’s do?

Because of This:

The parties will assign an MP as a government what?

Whips are responsible for what?

A

Must strongly support + agree, not uncommon for individual MPs to have different views or priorities than their party. The people they represent too. Usually vote with the party instead of the people ( will of the people?) “whip” to make all MPs understand the consequences of voting against the party.

217
Q

Canadian Political System ⚙️ 🇨🇦: executive branch has? Legislative Branch has? Judicial Branch

A

Prime Minister and Cabinet. House of Commons and Senate.

218
Q

Executive Branch ( Power to Enforce and administer laws) 💂:

Canada is what type of monarchy? Therefore, Executive power lies where? The Governor General is appointed by who? Does the Prime Minister also hold significant executive power? The cabinet is appointed by who? Each Cabinet is responsible for what? The Prime Minister and Cabinet must propose what?

A

A constitutional monarchy. The British Monarchy ( represented by Governor General who acts on advice of the Prime Minister and the Cabinet). The Monarch on advice of the Prime Minister. Yes. The Prime Minster. A specific department ( Minister of Finance, Military, Environment etc.). Propose and put into practice policies that guide our nation.

219
Q

Legislative Branch ( Power to Make Laws) ✍️:

Composed of what? What do they do? Bills must pass what to become law?

A

Senate + House of Commons, Vote on bills, must pass both H of C and Senate before to become a law.

220
Q

Legislative Branch ( Power to Make Laws) ✍️: House of Commons: Are full of what type of people, responsible for what? MPs are what type of people? They have what type of discipline?

A

Elected MPs, responsible for the legislation. People who vote on bills. Strong Party Discipline.

221
Q

Legislative Branch ( Power to Make Laws) ✍️: Senate: Acts as a second thought for what? Members are appointed by who?

A

House of Commons. PM

222
Q

Judicial Branch ( Power to interpret laws) 🤔: is it controlled by the other branches? What are there main roles? Protecting what? Settling what?

A

No. Interpret and Apply Laws. Rights and Freedoms. Settling Disputes. Etc.

223
Q

Separation of Power ➗: Each Branch of Canadian government has its own what? No single branch has what over the government? Prevents what? However, remember the relationship between the what branches?

A

Functions and Powers. Unchecked Control. Abuse of Power. Legislative and Executive Branches

224
Q

Opposition 😤: Is it the 2nd biggest party in the House of Commons? Role is for what for the government? Opposition forms what, to observe and what the PM’s ACTUAL Cabinet?

A

Yes. Hold the government accountable. “Shadow Cabinet”. Criticize.

225
Q

USA Political System ⚙️🇺🇸: Is a what democracy? Key Term is what? Branches have what? What philosopher? Republic is when all representatives are what ( starts with an e)? In a republic, leaders including the President and Members of Congress are all elected by who? The system is designed to reflect what? How does it contrast with the Canadian Monarchy?

A

Congressional/ Presidential Democracy. Checks and Balances ( branches have divided power). Montesquieu. Elected. Citizens. The will of the people. Leadership is often passed down through royal family.

226
Q

Political Parties 🎉🇺🇸: Democrats Principles: In terms of environment a Democrat would? In terms of social welfare? Healthcare? Support Base? Labor? Science? Gun Control?

A

Protect and Conserve. Equality, government intervention for social issues. Universal Access. Youth, working class, African Americans. Support unions for workers rights and fair wages. Forward-thinking in medical and technological fields. Regulation of firearms.

227
Q

Political Parties 🇺🇸🎉: Republicans ( principles): in term of economics and government intervention? Fiscal Policy? Welfare? Values? Government structure? Pro-life? Support Base? Criticism, limits what? Second Amendment?

A

Free Market, minimal government interference. Conservative, aiming for economic stability. Emphasizes personal responsibility over government assistance. Conservative, stability in cultural and moral values. Decentralized, more power to states. Opposite to abortion. Business, educated middle class, white families, older citizens. Individual freedoms ( Patriot Act, Guantanamo Bay). Right to bear arms.

228
Q

Executive Branch 🇺🇸: contrast to Canada, not a part of? Has the President, who is not a member of what? ( therefore not responsible to it) cabinet is not a member of what? What is veto? Other Things 💡: similar function to Canada’s cabinet, and also proposes what to the President?

A

Legislative Branch. Congress. Congress, also not responsible to it. President Power to reject a bill passed by both houses of the legislative branch. Legislations.

229
Q

Legislative Branch 🇺🇸- Congress ✍️:
Composed of what? This is where what gets passed? Can bills be introduced in either house? Bills must be approved by both what, and signed by who? Weak Party Discipline- not all members of a political party, vote how, because of a lack of? This frees what? President is responsible for the operation of what? Relies on who for funding?

A

House of Representatives and Senate. Bills are passed to the President to approve. Yes. Houses. President. Uniformly. Responsible Government. Frees reps to vote for the best interests of the state. Government. Congress to operate the government.

230
Q

Legislative Branch 🇺🇸- Congress ✍️: House of Representatives: representation is by what? Works similar to the House of Commons in what way?

A

Population. Goal of Legislation, representing the people, and shaping public policy.

231
Q

Legislative Branch 🇺🇸- Congress ✍️: Senate: Different from Canada in what way? Each state is represented by how many senators, regardless of population?

A

Powerful and Effective ( can be stronger that House of Representative). Two.

232
Q

Judicial Branch 🧐 🇺🇸: Interprets what? Determines with each law “fits” with what?

A

Government Law. The Constitution.

233
Q

Industrial Revolution ⚙️: Due to technological advancements + opening trade between countries, various industries became what? Less workers were needed to produce what? When workers were moving to cities looking for jobs what was it called? This allowed high or low wages for workers? What was taking over the majority of the population ( economic and social factors)? The wealthy owners were becoming what? Were labour laws developed? Were Unions developed?

A

Profit Driven. Products. Urbanization. Low. Poverty, Unemployment, Sickness. More wealthy. Yes. Yes

234
Q

History of Capitalism 💸: Classical Liberalism: What did this philosophy provide the basis for? What does it emphasize? It also supports what in terms of government involvement? Was it used during the Industrial Revolution?

A

Capitalism. Individual Freedom. Absence of government regulation and involvement. Yes

235
Q

The Origin and Growth of Liberalism 📈 Classical Liberalism: Is an ideology that embraces the principles of …….It’s based on what? Stresses that individual have the capacity to govern……… supports how much government intervention? What type of economy supports this? How is it different from Modern Liberalism?

A

Individualism. Freedom. Themselves. Limited. Free Market Economy. Different in the role of the government. Modern Liberalism: more government regulations within economy, classical liberalism: opposite

236
Q

Development of Classical Liberalism 🗣️: 1. The Renaissance, its where what started to grow awareness for what started to grow? 2. The Protestant Reformation: growing SE….3. The Age of Reason ( what values were strengthened?)4. Industrial Revolution ( What freedom grew along with individual values?) 5. American + French Revolution 6. Liberalism

A

Awareness of individualism. Cularism. Democratic Values. Economic.

237
Q

Describe Secularalism.

A

Separating religion from the affairs of the state, government, and public institutions.

238
Q

The following thinkers contributed to the ideology of liberalism: Thomas Hobbes ( social contrat and what type of government for security) John Locke ( Natural Rights, Limited government, and what type of democracy) Jean-Jacques Rosseau ( What type of democracy and will of the people). Charles Montesquieu ( Rule of Law, Separation of what?) Adam Smith ( Economic liberalism and what type of market). John Stuart Mills ( Utilitarianism and Individual what?)

A

Centralized. Representative. Direct. Powers. Free Market. Liberty.

239
Q

Utilitarianism means the only restrictions on people should be those that what?

A

Prevent Harm To Others.

240
Q

Industrial Revolution: The Origins of Laissez-Faire Economics 🇬🇧: Britain’s economy was traditionally based on what, during the Industrial Revolution is changed to what system? Results of Industrial Revolution: The development of what? Mechanization of what? Mass Production. Consumption of what goods? Expansion of capitalism and what enterprise? ( good stuff there) Now the not so good stuff. Large gap between the extremely rich and the extremely…… Slums. Starvation. There was what type of labour? Was there worker abuse? What was the effect on the environment?

A

Agriculture. Factory Based System. The factory system. Labour. Consumer goods. Free. Poor. Child Labour. Yes. Degradation of the environment.

241
Q

Laissez-Faire Economics (Capitalism) 💸: reduction of what involvement in the economy? Laissez-faire reflects the following ideas: do individuals need to be given freedom to make their own desicions? Individual’s selfishness and competitiveness would eventually do what to society?

A

Government involvement.yes. Improve their own society.

242
Q

Mercantilism- is the idea that the goal of the economy is to strengthen power and wealth of the state. In order to do so, what is needed? What contradicts this?

A

High government regulation. Laissez-faire

243
Q

Adam Smith ( Father of Laissez-Faire Economics) 🤑: describe the invisible hand. Insisted self-interest is just a free-market would strengthen what, and benefit most people. Provided for the foundation of. In terms of government intervention how much.

A

If people would work for themselves, the whole state would improve. The economy. Capitalism. Little to no government intervention.

244
Q

Other Philosophers 🎓: Thomas Malthus, what did he believe population growth led to? David Ricardo: believed poverty was what? Therefore it shouldn’t be challenged. Wages should be kept what to keep population in check?

A

More poverty. Inescapable. Low.

245
Q

The American Revolution 🇺🇸: Liberal thinkers inspired who to declare independence from the British Crown. Inspired to establish what form of government? Where governing power was invested where instead of a ruling monarch?

A

American Colonists. Republican. The hands of its citizens.

246
Q

The French Revolution 🇫🇷: Following the American Revolution, the French Revolution was an attempt to transform society, using what principles?

A

Liberal principles.

247
Q

Liberal Principles in Action 😬: did the principles of classic liberalism become widespread in western societies? This was the climax of what dynamics? Eventually led to what evolution: classical liberalism —————-> Modern Liberalism

A

Yes. Social, Political, Economic.

248
Q

Advantages of the Free Marker 🤑: Competition, which allow for what quality of good at low prices. A wide selection of good and services. Pursuit of goods = what for resources? Technological change and innovation. What type of sovereignty, which causes customer to be in charge of what? Is the Economy flexible or durable? Can they respond quickly to charging consumer demands?

A

High quality. Efficient and productive use of resources. Consumer Sovereignty (Customers are in charge of goods and services). Flexible. Yes.

249
Q

Social Darwinism: Competition ensured what in terms of survival?, and thus of the human race.

A

Survival of the Fittest.

250
Q

Disadvantages of the Free Market 😬: Are income and wealth evenly distributed? There are periods of booms and what? Unemployment + underploy____. Consumers can be manipulated in what way? How can producers influence prices? Are all resources used efficiently?

A

Income and Wealth are unevenly distributed. Bust. Ment. Through advertising. Through monopolies.no.

251
Q

Responses to Classical Liberalism 🫵:
Enclosure Movement: It was a historical process where shared farmlands were divided into what? This change aimed to make farming more what? They were efficient because of what? This movement cause the movement to people where? It loosened up the mercantilist system, and caused a what approach to the economy which provided more money for the Industrial Revolution to occur and what?

A

Private Fields. Efficient. The new farming technologies. To the Cities. Free-trade approach. Spread.

252
Q

Responses to Classical Liberalism 🫵:
Why did ideologies develop in opposition to classical liberalism? 😡
Laissez-faire capitalism was primarily concerned with what? These goals were considered more important that what? Workers were viewed as component of production, who is not on par with who?

A

Industrial efficiency and the accumulation of wealth. Equality. The Wealthy Elite.

253
Q

Luddites 🤖😤: Who were the Luddites? ( Workers being replaced by who). This movement became known as what?

A

Workers who were being replaced by machines during industrialization broke into factories and broke machinery. Luddism.

254
Q

Chartists 🗳️😤: Chartism was a working-class movement in Britain that focused on what? They had 6 goals: Universal _______. Equal-sized electoral _______. Voting by ________. End the need for property qualifications for _________( you had to own property in order to be eligible to be a member of Parliment). Pay for members of _______. Annual Elections.

A

Political and Social Reform. Suffrage. Districts. Secret Ballot. Parliament. Parliament.

255
Q

Describe Secret Ballot

A

A way of voting where your choice is kept private

256
Q

Chartism looked to counter what, created by the Industrial Revolution by plus what, in the electoral process. What did there actions lead to like the Luddites? When were there demand eventually implemented?

A

The inequality, plus classical liberalism. Violence. The Reform Acts of 1867 and 1884.

257
Q

Socialist Ideologies: Is an ideology based on what? It was developed due to what? Socialism believes resources should be controlled by who for the benefit of everyone? Does it believe in co-operation and government involvement? Security? Equality and Humanitarianism?

A

Collectivist values. A want to reform political, social, and economic structures of 19th century. The Public. Yes. Yes. Yes.

258
Q

Utopians advocated for an end to what for the average industrial worker? Who was Robert Owen, what did he believe? Education + improved working conditions would do what? Describe Utopia.

A

An end to the horrible conditions. A well know utopian socialist. He believed capitalism corrupted human nature. Eradicate the worst parts of capitalism. A perfect world to serve as a model for real life.

259
Q

Varieties of Socialist Ideologies: Marxism 👷‍♀️: is a radical form of what? According to Marx, the only way to overthrow capitalism, was what? You know this explain ( burgeoisie). Abolition of what property? The centralization of production in the hands of who? What type of economy? What was it inspired by?

A

Socialism. A workers revolution. The proletariat must rise against the bourgeoisie. Private Property. The State. Command Economy. Communism.

260
Q

Command Economy or Centrally Planned Economy is what ( describe)?

A

Command economy ( or centrally planned economy) - the government own everything, and makes decisions about what to produce, how to make things, and how to share them.

261
Q

Varieties of Socialist Ideologies: Communism 🫂: the abolition of what? Centralization of the means of production ( factories and machinery) in the hands of who? Production control becomes essential to the economy to the countries that implemented what? Is Command Economy or what economy?

A

Private Property. The State. Communism. Planned Economy.

262
Q

Classical Conservatism and Other Responses 🫂: Classical Conservatism 📠: Was a reaction ( reactionary) to what? It wasn’t a government system, but an ideological approach which shaped what? Is reactionary, which is? Reactionary is also known as what? Edmund Burke believed change should take into account what? Therefore change should not come from who?

A

Classical Liberalism. The Political Landscape. Wanted to revert back to the way things were before. Conservative or “right wing”. The past and future, not just the present. The current generation’s preferences.

263
Q

Edmund Burke 🎓: He was a reactionary, regarded as the father of what? He Believed: Society should be a what, with what people at the top?, should uniformed people have a say in government? Government should be chosen by who? What do those people have? Leaders should be what care for others in terms of humanity? Society must be what, and that can be achieved through law, order, and what? He believed in the preservation of what ( think reactionary)? Was he skeptical of Radical Change?

A

Modern Conservatism. Hierarchy. Those best suited to lead. No. A select few. Special Rights + Responsibilities. Humanitarian-care. Stable. Traditions. Traditions. Yes.

264
Q

The Liberal Response 👀: Factory owners wanted to avoid workers from joining labour unions, so they gave workers what? This is known as what?

A

Special Benefits. Welfare Capitalism.

265
Q

Welfare Capitalism 🤝: is a classical liberal economic system with what? These legislation give workers what? Protections are: limited or large working hours? Minimum Wage. And a what net that involved pensions and medical insurance. Welfare states were prominent as a response to what?

A

Legislation. Protection. Limited. Safety. Great Depression.

266
Q

Welfare State ⚖️: Is a state where the economy is what? But what does the government do with policies? To ensure what ( economically wise)? The Great Depression became a catalyst for change, and began to emerge what?

A

Capitalist. Uses policies to modify the market forces to ensure economic stability. Modern Liberalism.

267
Q

Modern Liberalism: Believed Freedom comes from what?

A

Equal Opportunity.

268
Q

Welfare State: The government should balance out the highs and lows of the economic cycle by doing what? Government spending and interest rates.

A

Raising/lowering taxes.

269
Q

Progressive Economic Movements 🪧:
Labour Rights 🛠️:
Which President wanted capital and labour to be treated fairly?
What did he call this?

A

President Theodore Roosevelt. Square Deal

270
Q

Progressive Economic Movements 🪧:
Square Deal: Is a set of what policies? It committed to fairness and equal opportunity for who? The three main components of the Square Deal:
1. Conservation of what resources?
2. Regulating the power of what corporations, mainly what?
3. Measures to protect consumers from what ( two things)?

He went on the found what political party? What type of liberalism did it contain ( in the name)?

A

Domestic Policies. All Americans. Natural. Big Corporations. Monopolies. Unsafe Products, and Unfair Business Practices. The National Progressive Party. Progressivism.

271
Q

Progressive Economic Movements 🪧:
Progressivism: Goals: Equal Suffrage for who? Protecting well-being and rights of workers ( yes or no)? What specific type of universal health care system did it implement? Most of this early legislation dealt with whose rights. Failed to adress issues such as what ( name at least three)? When WW1 broke out who did the government need support from for the war efforts?

A

Men and Women. Yes. A Single National Health Service. Workers Rights. Child Poverty, Education, Housing Standards. Factory Owners.

272
Q

Keynesian Economics ( Or Demand Side Economics) 🫖: What is John Maynard’s Keynes occupation? ( Include Nationality). When did economic downturn worsen? Observing this, what did Keynes believe had an error? He believed that when what was in balance, it would not result in full employment? Keynes believed in order to lesson the severity of a recession, governments should do what? This would lead individuals with what? During times of inflation, what should the government do?

A

British Economist. Through the 1930s. The Classical Liberal Economic Theory. Supply and Demand. Spend Money and Reduce Taxes. More Money to spend and invest in the economy. Spend less money and raise taxes.

273
Q

Supply Side Economics ☕️: Government Actions: Governments should do what during a recession? Cut taxes to stimulate what? Deregulate what for increased efficiency? Privatize what government functions? Provide incentives for who? Encourage private businesses for what? What is it used in( Thatcherism…..)?

A

Reduce Spending. Economic Growth. Industries. Certain ones. Industries. Job Creation. Reaganomics, and Neo-conservatism.

274
Q

The New Deal ☕️: Franklin D. Rosevelt was the president of what? He was the first to use what theories? He implemented what programs to put people to work? What did he call it? Represented the beginning shift from welfare state to what? By 1950s and 1960s the welfare state was in most, democratic countries including which country ( rhymes with manada)? And what type of liberalism was in place?

A

The United States. Keynes demand side theories. Public Works Program. The New Deal. A Mixed Economy ( capitalism with government intervention). Canada. Modern Liberalism.

275
Q

Communism and 20th Century Russia 🇷🇺: Features of Centrally Planned Economies (Theory) 📜: Cooperation: what do individuals and groups do for the goals of everyone within the state? What is more important than the individual?

A

Work Together. Collective.

276
Q

Communism and 20th Century Russia 🇷🇺: Features of Centrally Planned Economies (Theory) 📜: Public Ownership: Does the state control all means of production?

A

Yes.

277
Q

Communism and 20th Century Russia 🇷🇺: Features of Centrally Planned Economies (Theory) 📜: Equality: Same benefits and opportunity for who? People are take care of through what government service?

A

All. Social Services ( Health Care and Education)

278
Q

Communism and 20th Century Russia 🇷🇺: Features of Centrally Planned Economies (Theory) 📜: Income Equality: Wages are set by who? Essential items are kept at what? Taxes are….( low or high)?

A

Government central planners. Low Prices. Low

279
Q

Advantages of Communism 👍: Basic needs are looked after by who? Descicions by ( who) to forecast what needs? Commodities are distributed based on what? And not what? Is employment, maintained? Strict planning allows what? Which allows what? Necessities are priced high or low? System is based on what?

A

The State. Gosplan. Economic Needs. Need. Competition. Yes. Market Fluctuations. Greater Stability. Low. Cooperation + Common Good.

280
Q

Disadvantages of Communism 👎: Motive and incentive is not based on personal profit, rather it is based on? There are shortages due to what? How much economic freedom.? Is it rigid and inflexible? Are the demands and of people always met? Products are good or poor quality. Is there a lack of consumer choice?

A

For all is a benefit for you. Inefficient planning. Little. Yes. No. Poor. Yes.

281
Q

20th Century Russia ( From Revolution To Stalin) 🇷🇺: 1917: Why does the Revolution begin? Lenin leads what group, and promises to take Russia out of what? Lenin becomes leader and signs what treaty that takes Russia out of war?

A

Russia’s aftermath in WW1. Bolsheviks. War. Treaty of Bret-Litovsk.

282
Q

20th Century Russia ( From Revolution To Stalin) 🇷🇺: 1918-1921: Russia breaks out in what? Soon, Lenin army won the war, but what happens to Russia and many people? What caused riots in the streets ( three things)? How were they suppressed? What does this show Lenin? Russia is loosing ground to who?

A

A civil war. Russia was left in ruins, and many people were killed. Starvation, Broken Factories, and Railway systems. By Lenin and his army. That people are upset. Other European Powers

283
Q

New Economic Policy 🌽: Due to people being upset, what did Lenin propose? It takes more of what approach? Agriculture: What can be sold for own profit? After government has taken their share? Industry: Small factories would return to what? Retail: Could Small private enterprises shops be opened? How did Lenin justify this to his comrades? What did the state still control?

A

An incentive for personal gain. A classical liberal approach. Any Surplus. Private Ownership. Yes. Lenin said this would be temporary and he would later re-nationalize. State still controlled large institutions deemed important.

284
Q

Effect of the NEP 🧑‍🌾: What gradually increased? ( two things) What was emerging, ( rich peasants)? Some dissent within the party leads to what? What did the group wish to return to? And another group led by Stalin wanted to stick to what?

A

Food Production + Industry. Kulaks. A group led by Trotsky. Communism. The New Economic Policy.

285
Q

Stalin 😈: What did Stalin disagree with Trotsky with? What Stalin first believe in? Before focusing on what? What did this difference lead to? Who won? What happened to Trotsky and his supporters?

A

Spreading Communism Globally. Building a strong socialist system within Russia. Other Countries. A power struggle. Stalin. They were forced into exile.

286
Q

5 Year Plans 😰: What did Stalin begin to do? What did Stalin eliminate that was embedded in the NEP? Need to Catch up in Europe in terms of what? What would workers be forced to due? He would use what tactics to make sure people follow?

A

Renationalize the industry. All forms of classical liberalism. Development. Produce. Force and Propaganda.

287
Q

5 Year Plans 😰: Almost all industry development was for what? The individual farms would be merged into what? The state would control what? Did the Kulaks agree to this collectivization? Set their fields on fire. Kulaks would be sent to where?

A

Heavy Machinery. Larger Collective Farms. Larger Collective Farms. No. Gulags.

288
Q

Describe Gulags.

A

Terrible Working Camps that would work people to death.

289
Q

Purges 😵: What did Stalin wanted to make sure he had? What did he began to do to people he thought could be a problem? State Trials were set up to justify what? What would happen to any opposing party members. What happened to Trotsky? How many top ranking officials were killed? What did this to the USSR? In WWII

A

Complete Control. Purge Them. The Purges. They would be eliminated. Tracked down and killed. Millions. Hurt them.

290
Q

Results of 5 Year Plan 🪦: what happened to the Soviet Economy? What happened to production, and food production? Starvation was what? Many more millions starved to what? Did industrial production increase or decrease, and did it actually benefit the people? How long did this continue ( till what war)?

A

Slowed down. Decreased. Was Limited. Widespread. Death. Increased. Little benefit to the people. Till WWII began.

291
Q

Gorbachev and the End of The Soviet Union 🏁: Gorbachev: what happened to the Soviet economy many years later? Gorbachev was the new leader of what? After Stalin what type of economy did he want to introduce?

A

Became Stagnant. USSR. Decentralized one.

292
Q

Gorbachev and The End of the Soviet Union 🏁: Perestroika means what? Gorby applied this economy in the following ways: A Decentralization of what? Consumer demand would dictate what to a greater extent? Allowed what type of ownership for some small businesses. Decentralized farms. More money what put where? Imported goods from where?

A

Restructuring. Descicions. Supply. Private Ownership. New Technology Research and Education. The West.

293
Q

Gorbachev and The End of the Soviet Union 🏁: Glasnost: gave people and the press freedom for what? They were also allowed to do what against government descicions that seemed unjust?

A

Criticize the government openly. Take action.

294
Q

Gorbachev and The End of the Soviet Union 🏁: Economic Problems of Perestroika: It caused what problems for consumer needs- which resulted in what? Which people opposed Gorby’s reforms and wanted to return to the old system.

A

Major Miscalculations. Shelves in the store were nearly empty. Elites in the government.

295
Q

Gorbachev and The End of the Soviet Union 🏁: Political Problems With Glasnot: It began the break up of the former USSR into the new Russia Federation and what?

A

Independent states.

296
Q

Gorbachev and The End of the Soviet Union 🏁: Gorbachev’s out: there was what chaos, what happened as a result? Gorbachev was forced out of office. Who became the new leader of Russia during this unstable time? From that to Putin has led Russia since 2000!

A

Political Chaos. A Coup ( A Sudden Takeover). Boris Yeltsin.

297
Q

Modern Progressive Economic Movements 🪧: Labour Standards and Unions 👷: Did workers have input in labour standards? Labour Standards were made by who? What did workers form to collectively bargain, and if necessary, go on strike? What gradually developed to workers? Which organization recognized the importance of labour rights at the international level?

A

No. The Government. Unions. Benefits + Rights. The UN

298
Q

Modern Progressive Economic Movements 🪧: Universal Suffrage: Classical liberalism proclaimed the equality of men, but not all ______. Only certain men were considered what? In most cases who was not included? Who were permitted to vote ( three people)? Women weren’t permitted to vote until when? In some cases, do women still not have the right to vote?

A

Men. Equal. Women. Certain Races, Economic Classes, Religious Members. Much Later. Yes.

299
Q

Modern Progressive Economic Movements 🪧: Equality for Women 🟰: What did classical liberalism allow to emerge? Very few classical liberal thinkers were willing to concede what? Many suffragists argued for women’s rights such as (…….. at least two)? Do some nations still not give women the right to vote?

A

Feminism. Any rights to women. Mary WollstenCraft. Nellie McClung. Yes.

300
Q

Hitler and the Economy 📈: Did Hitler manage to fix all unemployment? What public projects stimulated the economy? Did women receive payment for having children? Nazism kept what part of the economic liberalism and what was controlled by the state?

A

Yes. Building of the Roads ( Autoban), and re-arming of the military. Yes. Capitalism and Private Property, business and labour was controlled by the state.

301
Q

Hitler’s Violation of the Treaty of Versailles 😱: Did Germany cease paying reparations? Did they secretly rearm? What is Annexation?

A

Yep. Yep. Takeover of land that was taken away.

302
Q

Munich Agreement 🤝: Was an attempt to avoid another full-scale war by who? Agreed that Germany would not make any military advances on who?

A

France and Britain. Czechoslovakia.

303
Q

Kristallnacht “Night of the Broken Glass”: Was a massive coordinated attack on who? Britain and France around this time declared war on Germany, after they refused to withdraw from where? Even though war was declared, was any battles fought?

A

The Jews. Poland. No.

304
Q

The Holocaust 🪦: What was it called another name ( final….)? Why were death camps created?

A

Final Solution or liquidation of all Jews and other groups. To rid the Third Reich of the unwanted.

305
Q

The End of WW2: Who were pushing from the east and the west? How did Adolf Hitler die? 1945- Did Germany formally surrender? End of WW2 🥳

A

Soviets were pushing from the east, allies from the west. Committed Suicide. Yes.

306
Q

Arab Sring ( Imposing Liberalism): Arab dictatorships have increased civil unrest ( yes or no)? Citizens are demanding more rights and what? Social media was a what for this? Countries have seen either two things which are what? Western countries have either supported or completely what out of the conflict? Protest movement started out of what? What is the will of the people.

A

Yes. Freedoms. Catalyst. A political shift ( democratic). Or Complete Suppression. Stayed out. The Will of the People. The collective desires shared by a group of people.

307
Q

Tunisia: Bonvaizie ( fruit seller) gets his fruit scale taken by who? What does he do in protest? There were protests in small towns over unemployment, and what happens to political restrictions? Within 2 months, what happens to president Ben Ali? What does this event kickstart?

A

The government. Lights himself on fire. They erupt. He resigns and goes into exile. The Revolution.

308
Q

Libya: how far do Tunisian protests spread? Libya tries what to remove Gaddafi ( Libya Leader)? The Military does what? NATO under USA does what against Gaddafi military? What was the end result of Gaddafi?

A

All over the world. Peaceful Protests. Kills many. Control Launch Air Attack. He was deposed ( forced out from government)

309
Q

Egypt 🏅: there were millions of protesters to overthrow who? Was he overthrown without foreign intervention? What political party gains power. ( Muslim Brotherhood). What were they’re values? ( political think). How was the Muslim Brotherhood removed? ( two things). What were they replaced with full control of governance? ( Will of the people?)

A

Mubarak. Yep. Extremist, against political opposition. Help from military + protests. Full Military Control of Governance.

310
Q

Egypt raises what questions regarding the event of military intervention and the removal of the Muslim Brotherhood?

A

Whether the events aligns with genuine desires and will of the Egyptian people.

311
Q

Arab Spring Success? 🤨: In Tunisia, Egypt, and Libya, they were replaced with groups not providing the what demanded with increased instability in the region? Revolution takes decades, not years. Social media also plays a big role. Can we be certain the Arab Spring was a successs?

A

Freedom. No, maybe the time has yet to come.

312
Q

Liberal Responsibilities 🫵: Liberal resposlbilities refer to the ethical moral obligations that individuals, communities and who has torward ensuring rights, freedom, and equal treatment of all members of society. Shown during what movement?

A

The government. African American-Civil Rights movement.

313
Q

Liberal Responsibilities: 🫵: African-American Civil Rights Movement ( 1954-1968): It was social movements where? What was the goal of these movements? The movements was characterized by what? Acts of nonviolent protest and civil disobedience caught attention between who?

A

In the United States. To end racial segregation and discrimination against Black Americans. Major Campaigns of Civil Resistance. Activists and Government Authorities.

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