Full Midterm Flashcards
Conflict dynamics can be described as the resulting interaction between…
Conflict profile, actors, and causes
What is conflict analysis?
The systematic study of the profile, causes, actors, and dynamics of conflict
Conflict analysis is synonymous with…
Conflict mapping and conflict diagnosis
What is the purpose of mapping conflicts?
To identify underlying causes and stakeholders involved
Conflict means a perceived divergence of…
Interests
Conflict means a belief that the parties’ current aspirations ___________(can/cannot) be achieved simultaneously.
Cannot
In finding a sustainable solution to conflict, should the focus be on addressing the symptoms or root causes?
Root causes
What are some factors that cause conflict?
Structural causes, proximate causes, and triggers
Constructive conflict is ________, destructive conflict is ________.
good, bad
What are examples of constructive conflict?
Debates and non-violent protests
What are some factors that are typically examined in conflict analysis?
Social identity, political grievances, economic conditions
Using the conflict tree metaphor, what do the roots signify?
Underlying socioeconomic, cultural, and institutional factors with create conditions for violent conflict
Using the conflict tree metaphor, what does the trunk signify?
Specific issues and difference dividing people related to values, views, interest, and conflict regarding use and distribution of access to resources
Using the conflict tree metaphor, what do the branches signify?
Impact of the conflict on society, groups, and individuals.
Who proposed the Basic Human Needs (BHN) theory?
John Burton
What does the BHN theory stipulate?
Humans have basic physical needs (food, water, shelter), but also universal, non-negotiable needs (identity, recognition, security)
What happens if needs are not met?
It causes frustration and people seek alternatives to satisfy them
Can BHN theory explain the Russia-Ukraine conflict?
Yes
Can BHN theory explain the Israel-Hamas conflict?
Yes
Does ‘fight for love’ apply to the BHN theory?
Yes
Basic human needs cannot be ________ and will be _________________.
suppressed, inexorably pursued
BHN theory helps explain…
Why individuals and groups engage in conflict to access clean water, affordable housing, and food
Who proposed the economic theory of conflict?
Paul Collier
What are the two motives for civil war?
Greed and grievance
Grievance is…
Justice-seeking
Greed is…
Loot-seeking and desire for private gain
Why do most civil wars take place in poor countries?
Because poverty causes grievances
Is the Tamil Tigers rebellion in Sri-Lanka an example of greed or grievance?
Grievance
Is the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Columbia (FARC) an example of greed or grievance?
Greed
Are the M23 rebels in the DRC Congo an example of greed or grievance?
Greed
Where are civil wars not likely to occur?
In areas where there are good job opportunities and economic outcomes
Is the rebellion for diamonds in Sierra Leone an example of greed or grievance?
Greed
Is the fight for environmental justice an example of greed or grievance?
Grievance
What is structural violence caused by?
The nature of social institutions and policies
Who proposed the theory of structural violence?
Johan Gattung
What is positive peace?
The absence of all kinds of violence and the presence of social justice.
What is negative peace?
The absence of direct violence but continued presence of structural violence.
What are the components of the triangle of violence?
Structural violence, cultural violence, and physical violence
What are some examples of structural violence?
Discrimination, lack of job opportunities, arbitrary increase in school fees, etc.
What type of violence does structural violence not include?
Physical/direct violence
What roles do ‘chosen traumas’ play in large-group identity?
They are central to the group’s narrative and identity
How are large-group identities maintained over time?
Through shared rituals, traditions, and myths
What two factors within groups does large-group identity contribute to?
Pride and violence
Is large-group identity purely negative?
No
What is the significance of shared-enemies in maintaining a large-group identity?
They reinforce the internal cohesion of the group
What often happens when large-group identities are threatened?
The group becomes violent.
Do large-group identities dissolve when individual members reject the collective identity?
No
Are large-group identities always based on historical facts?
No
What is meant by the term ‘ethnic tent’?
It is a metaphor for large-group identity.
What does the concept of ‘ethnic tent’ emphasize?
The fluid and adaptable nature of ethnic identity over time
Who proposed the research on chosen trauma and ethnic tents?
Volkan
