Fuels - Organic Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

Define the terms HYDROCARBON and ORGANIC.

A

Hydrocarbon - a class of chemical compounds, some of which found in nature (organic), comprising only chains of hydrogen and carbon atoms.

Organic - (of substances) Found in nature.

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2
Q

Common properties of all hydrocarbons

A
  • Water insoluble (except alcohols due to oxygen atom addition)
  • Increasing chain length increases boiling/melting points
  • Combustible
  • Soluble in oil-based solvents
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3
Q

Which properties are affected by increasing chain length?

A
  • Combustibility (larger alkanes/alkenes are difficult to set alight as well as of low viscosity)
  • State at 23˚C ambient temp: 1-4 carbon atoms = gas; 5-17 carbon atoms = liquid; 18 and more carbon atoms = solid
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4
Q

Give examples of molecular and condensed structural formula for hexane.

A

Molecular - C6H14
Condensed structural - CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3

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5
Q

Properties of alkanes (exclusive)

A
  • All single covalent bonds between adjacent carbon and attached hydrogen atoms
  • Saturated compound; very nonreactive with other substances present
  • Burn more efficiently than alkenes
  • Found in nature as part of crude oil
  • General formula = CnH2n+2 (i.e. C4H10, C7H16)
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6
Q

Properties of alkenes (exclusive)

A
  • Double covalent bonds between adjacent carbon atoms, but single bonded with hydrogen atoms
  • Unsaturated compound; bonds easily with new elements/substances nearby
  • Can only be synthesized via cracking a large alkane
  • Burn inefficiently and often undergo incomplete combustion
  • General formula: CnH2n (i.e C2H4, C9H18)
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7
Q

State the suffixes for each type of hydrocarbon.

A

Alkane: -ane
Alkene: -ene
Alcohol: -anol

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