Fuels & Heat -Definitions

Question 1

Organic Chemistry

Answer 1

The study of carbons in a compounds

Question 2

Hydrocarbon

Answer 2

A compound that contains carbon + hydrogen only

Question 3

Fossil Fuels

Answer 3

Fuels that were formed form the remains of plants and animals that lived million years ago

Question 4

Saturated Compound

Answer 4

A compound which there are only single bonds between the atom in the molecules

Question 5

Homologous Series

Answer 5

A series of compounds of similar properties

.Showing gradations in physical properties eg. Increase boiling+ heating

. Having a general formula for its members

. Each member having a similar method of preparation

. Each member differing from the previous member (CH) 2 unit

.

Question 6

Structural Isomers

Answer 6

Compounds with the same molecular formula but diff structural formula

Question 7

Unsaturated compound

Answer 7

One that carries two or more bonds between atoms in molecule

Question 8

Aliphatic Compound

Answer 8

Is an organic compound that consists of open chains of carbon atoms and closed chain compounds (rings) that resemble them in chemical properties

Question 9

Aromatic Compounds

Answer 9

Compounds that contain a benzene ring structure in their molecules

Question 10

Auto-Ignition

Answer 10

Is a premature ignition of the petrol- air mixture before normal ignition of the mixture by a spark takes place

Question 11

Octane Number

Answer 11

Measure of the tendency of the fuel to resist knocking

Question 12

Heat of Reaction

Answer 12

The heat change when the numbers of moles of reactants indicated in the balanced equation for the reaction react completely

Question 13

Heat of Combustion

Answer 13

The heat combustion of a substance is the heat change when one mole of the substance is completely burned in excess oxygen

Question 14

The Kilogram calorific Values

Answer 14

The Kilogram calorific Values of fuel is the heat energy produced when 1kg other fuel is completely burned in oxygen

Question 15

Bond energy

Answer 15

Is the average energy required to break one mole of a particular covalent bond and to separate the neutral atoms completely from each other

Question 16

Heat of Neutralisation

Answer 16

Is the heat change when one mole of H+ ions from an acid reacts with one mole of OH + ions from a base

Question 17

The Heat Of Formation

Answer 17

Of a compound is the heat change that takes place when one mole of a compound in its standard state is formed from its elements in their standard form

Question 18

Hess’s Law

Answer 18

If a chemical reaction takes place in number of stages, the sum of the heat changes in the separate stages is equal to the heat change in the reaction is carried in one stage

Question 19

The Law Of Conservation Of Energy

Answer 19

States that energy cannot be created or destroyed but can only be converted from one form energy to another