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Chemistry 1 > Fuels > Flashcards

Fuels Flashcards

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1
Q

what is crude oil a mixture of?

A

Hyrdocarbons

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2
Q

What process is used to break down crude oil?

A

Fractional distillation

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3
Q

Fill in the gap:

The shorter the molecules, the more _________ it is

A

Flammable

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4
Q

Fill in the gap:

The shorter the molecules, the less _____ it is

A

Viscous

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5
Q

Fill in the gap:
Complete combustion happens when there’s ____ of oxygen
Equation for complete combustion:
Hydrocarbon + __________ makes ______________ and water

A
  1. plenty
  2. oxygen
  3. carbon dioxide
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6
Q

Is there enough oxygen available in incomplete combustion?

A

No.

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7
Q

What are the products of incomplete combustion

A

carbon+carbon dioxide+carbon monoxide+water

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8
Q

What are the properties of a good fuel?

A
  1. Ease of ignition

2. Ease of transport

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9
Q

What bonds do alkanes have?

A

C-C

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10
Q

What bonds do alkenes have?

A

At least one C-C double bond

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11
Q

why are alkenes called unsaturated hydrocarbons?

A

Because they have some spare bonds left

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12
Q

Why are alkanes called saturated hydrocarbons?

A

No spare bonds matey

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13
Q

Formula for alkanes

A

CnH2n+2

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14
Q

Formula for alkenes?

A

CnH2n

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15
Q

What is polymerisation?

A

Joining together lots of monomers to form polymers

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16
Q

What are two characteristics+ uses of polyethene

A
  1. Stretchy and light

2. Plastic bags+hose pipes

17
Q

What are two characteristics+ uses of polypropene

A
  1. Tough+flexible

2. Carpet+plastic containers

18
Q

What are 2 characteristics+ uses of PVC

A
  1. flexible+ wear resistant

2. Clothing+ electrical cables

19
Q

In the fractional distillation of crude oil, ____ are obtained at the top and _______ is obtained at the bottom

A
  1. Gases

2. Bitumen

20
Q

What is kerosene used as?

A
  1. Aircraft fuel
21
Q

What is fuel oil used for?

A
  1. Fuel for ships and some power stations
22
Q

What is bitumen used for?

A
  1. Surfacing roads and roofs
23
Q

What causes acid rain?

A
  1. Sulfur dioxide mixing with clouds
24
Q

What are the advantages of using hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells isntead of petrol?

A
  1. There are no moving parts- so energy lost through friction
  2. Doesn’t make any pollutants
25
Q

What are the disadvantages of using hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells instead of petrol?

A
  1. It’s a gas, takes up much more space to store than petrol

2. Explosive- BOOOOOOOOM

26
Q

What are the two main biofuels that are used instead of normal fuels?

A
  1. Biogas

2. Ethanol

27
Q

What is one advantage of biogas over fuels?

A
  1. It is renewable, the plants that decompose to make it can be replaced with new crops

Chemistry 1 (5 decks)

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