Fuels Flashcards
what is crude oil a mixture of?
Hyrdocarbons
What process is used to break down crude oil?
Fractional distillation
Fill in the gap:
The shorter the molecules, the more _________ it is
Flammable
Fill in the gap:
The shorter the molecules, the less _____ it is
Viscous
Fill in the gap:
Complete combustion happens when there’s ____ of oxygen
Equation for complete combustion:
Hydrocarbon + __________ makes ______________ and water
- plenty
- oxygen
- carbon dioxide
Is there enough oxygen available in incomplete combustion?
No.
What are the products of incomplete combustion
carbon+carbon dioxide+carbon monoxide+water
What are the properties of a good fuel?
- Ease of ignition
2. Ease of transport
What bonds do alkanes have?
C-C
What bonds do alkenes have?
At least one C-C double bond
why are alkenes called unsaturated hydrocarbons?
Because they have some spare bonds left
Why are alkanes called saturated hydrocarbons?
No spare bonds matey
Formula for alkanes
CnH2n+2
Formula for alkenes?
CnH2n
What is polymerisation?
Joining together lots of monomers to form polymers
What are two characteristics+ uses of polyethene
- Stretchy and light
2. Plastic bags+hose pipes
What are two characteristics+ uses of polypropene
- Tough+flexible
2. Carpet+plastic containers
What are 2 characteristics+ uses of PVC
- flexible+ wear resistant
2. Clothing+ electrical cables
In the fractional distillation of crude oil, ____ are obtained at the top and _______ is obtained at the bottom
- Gases
2. Bitumen
What is kerosene used as?
- Aircraft fuel
What is fuel oil used for?
- Fuel for ships and some power stations
What is bitumen used for?
- Surfacing roads and roofs
What causes acid rain?
- Sulfur dioxide mixing with clouds
What are the advantages of using hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells isntead of petrol?
- There are no moving parts- so energy lost through friction
- Doesn’t make any pollutants
What are the disadvantages of using hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells instead of petrol?
- It’s a gas, takes up much more space to store than petrol
2. Explosive- BOOOOOOOOM
What are the two main biofuels that are used instead of normal fuels?
- Biogas
2. Ethanol
What is one advantage of biogas over fuels?
- It is renewable, the plants that decompose to make it can be replaced with new crops
