Fuels 2 Flashcards
Petroleum can be found in 3 natural forms
Natural gas (vapour)
Crude oil (liquid)
Bitumen (solid)
Name 7 primary products of crude oil
Gas
Gasoline
Kerosene
Diesel
Fuel oil
Lube oil
Bitumen
Terminology of POL, LFLAP, LPG, FSII
POL - petroleum oil and lubricant
LFLAP- liquid fuels, lubricants and allied products
LPG- liquified petroleum gas
FSII- fuel system icing inhibitor
Characteristics of f76 and f44
Naval fuel distillate diesel
F76 (viscosity grade)
Dieso
Diesel engines and gas turbines (ships)
Relatively long storage
Additives for arctic conditions
Turbine fuel aviation
F44 (viscosity grade)
AVCAT/ FSII
FSII
Naval helicopter fuels
The fuel authorised for use in the helicopters operating from ships
Volatility
The volatility of a product is a measure of how easy the product will give off vapour at a certain temperature.
Flashpoint
Temp at which a particular compound will give off combustion, mixed with oxygen which can be ignited by a heat source
Cetane
The delay of the ignition of the fuel. Combustion speed from ignition to finish. The higher the Cetane the faster the ignition
Cloud point
The cloud point is the temp at which the a cloud or haze begins to appear within the fuel due to the formation of wax crystals
Pour point
The lowest temp at which oil or fuel moves under specific conditions to allow flow
What are the fuel additives for f76 and f44?
F76
Corrosion inhibitor
Static dispensator
F44 AVCAT
Corrosion inhibitor
Static dispensator
Fuel system icing inhibitor
What are the 4 types of fuel contamination?
Particulate
Water
Microbiological
Mixed product
What are the 5 types of particulate contamination?
Corrosion and scale
Metal scrapings
Dust and sand
Fluff and hair
Rubber
3 types of water contamination
Separated
Entrained
Dissolved
2 types of biological contamination
Microbiological contamination
Sulphate reducing bacteria
3 types of mbc
Bacteria
Fungi
Yeast
3 Ingres that grow bacteria in mbc
Free water
Nutrients
Warmth
Explain mixed contamination
Mixing of 2 or more fuels and is commonly caused by human error. It alters the desired properties of the fuel
6 types of testing
Clear and bright test
Water finding paste
Screamer
Shell water test
Bottom sediment and water test
AEL MK 3
3 tests for particulate contamination
Diesel filterability test kit
AEL MK 3
Clear and bright test
2 miscellaneous tests
Grabnier flash point test
Clear and bright test
DFTK diagram
Them- p/p- diaphragm- pulse damper- pressure gauge- collection beaker
Explain the DFTK
The principle of operation is lo pass a sample of fuel at a constant rate (20mL/min) through a fine fibreglass filter. Progressive blocking of the filter, by solid material is indicated by an increase in the pressure drop across the filter.
The fuel should be in a set temperature range of 15 °C to 25 °C. Fuel which causes the a pressure rise over 105 kPa is unsuitable, and may only be considered for use in an emergency (
7 items for rigging the point
Drip tray
Bale of rags
Shock mats
Clean sampling jars and buckets
In date shell water test capsules
Fuel absorbing pads
Tool bag with assortment of spanners
4 handling fuel safety precautions
Skin
Eyes
Ventilation
Naked lights/ flames
