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Chemistry ATAR U1 > Fuels > Flashcards

Fuels Flashcards

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1
Q

What is combustion

A

Fuels that store chemical energy, can be harnessed

Release of energy in presence of oxygen = Combustion

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2
Q

What is combustion as a chemical process

A

Is an exothermic reaction, oxygen as reactant, oxide as product

No atoms created/destroyed

Balanced equation tells you n(Molecules) of Oxygen required for each molecule of propane

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3
Q

What is complete combustion of hydrocarbons

A

Oxygen supply sufficient

Carbon Dioxide & Water produced

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4
Q

What is incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons

A

Oxygen supply limited

Carbon Monoxide & Water produced

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5
Q

How do you write equations for combustion reactions

A

Reactants: Oxygen and hydrocarbon

Products: Either water & carbon dioxide (Complete combustion) or water & carbon monoxide (Incomplete combustion)

Balance equation

Add state symbols

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6
Q

What is carbon dioxide

A

Complete combustion of carbon-based fuels

Significant greenhouse gas (Global warming)

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7
Q

What is carbon monoxide

A

Incomplete combustion of carbon-based fuels

Toxic gas

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8
Q

What is sulfur dioxide

A

By-product of combustion of sulfur-containing fuels

Toxic gas

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9
Q

What is methane

A

Decomposition of organic matter in absence of oxygen

Greenhouse gas

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10
Q

What is oil

A

Fossil fuel

Hazardous to environment if spilt

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11
Q

What does the amount of carbon in fuel influence

A

Amount of carbon in fuel influences:

  • Amount of energy released during combustion
  • Amount of oxygen for complete combustion
  • Amount of carbon dioxide released
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12
Q

How to calculate amount of carbon in fuel

A

If amount of carbon is % of total fuel

m(Carbon = (%/100) * m(Fuel)

To determine percentage of carbon content
- Find percentage composition

  • Higher % carbon, higher energy content of fuel
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13
Q

What are mass to mass calculations

A

Possible to determine mass of one chemical in chemical reaction when mass of other chemical known

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14
Q

What are the steps of mass to mass calculations

A

Write a balanced chemical equation

Calculate molar mass of chemicals

Determine molar ratio of required substances

Rearrange equation to find using ratios

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15
Q

What is the energy content of fuels

A

All substances have chemical energy = Energy content

  • Fuels have high energy contentWh
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16
Q

What is heat of combustion

A

Enthalpy change when specified amount (1 mol) of fuel completely burns in oxygen (kJ / mol)

  • Amount of energy released by mass of fuel is based on n(Moles of fuel)
  • Energy = n(Moles) * Heat of Combustion
17
Q

What are the steps to determine energy released

A

Determine chemical formula & molar mass of fuels

Calculate n(Moles) in given mass

Use formula to calculate energy released, or rearrange for something else

18
Q

What is a fuel

A

Substance with stored energy, can be released easily as heat/power

19
Q

What are fossil fuels

A

Non-Renewable

From ancient plants, animals, microorganisms

20
Q

What are biofuels (Biochemical Fuels)

A

Renewable

From plant material / animal fats
- Create competition for land that might be used for food

Not added to net Carbon Dioxide in atmospher

21
Q

What is the type of fossil fuels

A

Coal
Oil
Petrol
Natural Gas

22
Q

What is the type of biofuels

A

Bioethanol
Biogas
Biodiesel

23
Q

What is coal

A

Mixture of large molecules made from carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur

High carbon emissions

24
Q

What is natural gas

A

Found in deposits in Earth’s crust

Popular for home heating & cooking

25
Q

What is petroleum / crude oil

A

Mixture of hydrocarbon molecules, mostly alkanes

No use itself as fuel, components can be made into important fuels

26
Q

What is bioethanol

A

Fermentation of sugars to ethanol

Is ethanol produced differently

27
Q

What is biogas

A

Breakdown of organic waste by anaerobic (Limited oxygen) bacteria

28
Q

What is biodiesel

A

Mixture of organic compounds produced by chemical reactions between oils / fats & alcohol

29
Q

When comparing fuels, what are fossil fuels

A

Generally higher energy content

Higher level of carbon emissions

30
Q

When comparing fuels, what are biofuels

A

Lower energy content

No / Very little carbon emissions

Chemistry ATAR U1 (5 decks)

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