Fuck Pulm Flashcards
What’s responsible for the transmission of air from the respiratory bronchioles to the alveolar sac, and dispersing it to the alveoli?
Alveolar ducts
What’s responsible for transporting gases between environment and the lungs?
Trachea
What’s responsible for exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide during the process of breathing?
Alveoli sacs
What’s the definition of Ventilation?
the movement of air during inhalation and exhalation
What’s the definition of
Oxygenation?
The exchange of oxygen from the air to the blood
The functions of the nostrils are:
• Warm and moisten inhaled air
• Filter inhaled air before it reaches the lungs.
The function of the sinuses includes:
• Lightens the weight of skull bones,
• serve as resonators for sound production and provides mucus.
The functions of the Trachea include:
• Transport gases between the environment and lung
• Constitutes dead space with bronchi, about 150 mL- dead space is space that is filled with air but not available for gas exchange
Functions of the chest wall and diaphragm include:
• Ribs- protect the lungs from injury
• Intercostal muscles and Diaphragm- perform
muscular work of breathing
Functions of the bronchus include:
• Protects alveoli from small particulate matter in inhaled air
• Lined with goblet cells that secrete mucus which entraps particles
• Cilia sweeps particles upward for swallowing or expulsion
• Bronchial tree moves with lungs during respiration
• No gas exchange occurs in bronchus
Functions of the bronchioles include:
• Carry oxygen rich air to lungs/alveoli
• Carry carbon dioxide out of the lungs
Function of the alveolar ducts:
• Transmission of air from respiratory bronchioles to alveolar sacs
• Dispersing the air to the alveoli
Functions of the alveolar sacs are:
• The alveolar sacs are sacs of many alveoli, which are the cells that exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs.
• Contain collagen fibers and elastic fibers that allow alveoli to stretch when filled with air during inhalation.
Functions of the alveoli are:
• Oxygen diffuses through a single cell in an alveolus and then across a single cell to a capillary and into the bloodstream. At the same time, carbon dioxide (CO2) molecules, are diffused back into the alveolus where they are expelled out of the body through the respiratory system.
• Type II pneumocytes within the alveoli secrete surfactant that maintains the shape and the surface tension of the alveoli. This surface tension allows for more surface area through which oxygen and CO2 molecules can pass (keeps the alveoli inflated).
• During inhalation, alveoli expand as negative pressure in chest created by the contraction of the diaphragm. During exhalation, the alveoli recoil as diaphragm relaxes.
What’s the definition of Perfusion?
Facilitates nutrient exchange at the capillary level. It is the process by which the cardiovascular system pumps blood throughout the lungs.
What’s the definition of diffusion?
Movement of substance in solution (liquid or air) from higher to lower concentration areas. It is the spontaneous movement of gases, without the use of any energy or effort by the body, between the alveoli and the capillaries in the lungs.
In case of respiration, What’s the definition of diffusion?
In the case of respiration, diffusion involves the distribution of oxygen from the atmosphere through the pulmonary capillary walls and into the bloodstream. At the same time, CO2 diffuses from the bloodstream into the alveoli.
Clubbed fingers occurs with?
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Angiomas (spider nevi) Associated with?
liver disease or portal hypertension (evident on chest)
Barrel chest and tripod positioning usually indicates?
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Hyperinflation of the chest on one side, with paradoxical rise and fall, should raise suspicion of a?
pneumothorax
Bilateral hyperinflation indicates?
a potential obstructive disorder with air trapping and the possible need for a bronchodilator.
Crackles that do not resolve after the patient coughs can be indicative of?
pulmonary edema.
Fine short high pitched intermittently crackling sounds can be during inspiration or expiration and are defined by their location. What’s the sound?
Crackles/ Rales
Continuous sound heard during inspiration and expiration, caused by air or secretions moving through airways narrowed by constriction/swelling or partial airway obstruction. What is this sound?
Wheezes/Ronchi
High pitched wheezing is a high-pitched musical sound and can be indicative of?
an asthma attack.
Low pitched wheezing can be caused by secretions in large airways, can indicate?
bronchitis or pneumonia.
High pitched harsh sound heard during inspiration caused by obstruction in the upper airway is called?
Stridor
Low pitched, grating, or creaking sounds that occur when pleural surfaces rub together during inspiration is called?
Pleural Friction Rub
Clinical presentation for COPD includes:
• Dyspnea on exertion can progress to marked Dyspnea, even at rest.
• Chronic Bronchitis cough- productive; Emphysema cough -non-productive, unless w/Bronchitis
• Weight loss is unintentional.
• Patient will exhibit Tripod Positioning
