FUck off cunt Flashcards
qSonnet:
Literally, a “little song”
- a fourteen-line poem, usually written in iambic pentameter
- Often about love or problems
Types of Sonnets
Petrarchan Sonnet (octave + sestet)
- 8 lines for problem, six for solution
- Volta occurs after the octave and before the sestet
Shakespearean Sonnet (quatrain + quatrain + quatrain + couplet)
- 12 lines for problem, 2 for solution
- Volta occurs before the ending couplet
Couplet
(2 lines)
Tercet
(3 lines)
Quatrain
(4 lines)
Sestet
(6 lines)
Octave
(8 lines)
Volta/Turn
(“volta” literally means “turn”→change in/turn of thought; movement from question to response; etc.)
a rhetorical shift or dramatic change in thought and/or emotion
Meter/Scansion
Discovering the meter (or underlying structure) of a poem by marking where the stresses naturally fall
Reading through meter is called “scansion”
* You will NOT be asked to provide a scansion of a text, but you may be tested on terminology
Iambic Pentameter
- “iam” is a metric unit containing one unstressed and one stressed syllable (2 syllables total)
- “penta” means five
- Iambic pentameter consists of having 5 iams or 10 syllables per line (2 syllables × 5 = 10 syllables total)
- pattern of an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable or a short syllable followed by a long syllable
- The rhythm of iambic pentameter mimics a heartbeat and is though often thought of as being very natural sounding
Stressed Vs Unstressed Syllables
Stressed:
often used to emphasize important words typically longer, louder, and higher pitched
Unstressed: typically shorter, lower pitched, less emphasized
The Classical Unities for a Greek Tragedy:
Time
- All action in tragedy should take place in a single day
Place
- Tragedy should occur in a single place
Action
- A tragedy should have one principle action (one main plot, a concise story that carries the plot, no subplots)
Anaphora
the deliberate repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of each one of a sequence of sentences, paragraphs, lines of verse, or stanzas
Example:
“This royal throne of kings, this sceptered isle,
This earth of majesty, this seat of Mars,
This other Eden, demi-paradise,
This fortress built by nature for herself
Against infection and the hand of war” (R2 II.i.40-44)
Repeated use of the word “This”
Allusion
a passing reference, without explicit identification, to a literary or historical person, place, or event, or to another literary work or passage…. Since allusions are not explicitly identified, they imply a fund of knowledge that is shared by an author and the audience for whom the author writes” (13).
In Shakespeare, these allusions are typically biblical or classical in nature.
Example:
“This royal throne of kings, this sceptered isle,
This earth of majesty, this seat of Mars,
This other Eden, demi-paradise,
This fortress built by nature for herself
Against infection and the hand of war” (R2 II.i.40-44)
Apostrophe
a direct address to someone or something that is not physically present. The subject may be dead, absent, inanimate, or abstract.
Example:
“Needs must I like it well. I weep for joy
To stand upon my kingdom once again. [He kneels.]
Dear earth, I do salute thee with my hand,
Foil
a character who contrasts with another character in order to better highlight or differentiate certain qualities
Metaphor
Comparison of one thing to another without us of ‘like’ or ‘as’
ex. He is a lion when he comes to the field.
Personification
the attribution of a personal nature or human characteristics to something nonhuman
Ex.The flowers danced to the wind
Verse vs Prose
Prose is a conversational way of speaking which doesn’t have a set rhythm or structure
Verse: more lyrical with a set rhythm and structure.
Malipropisms
the mistaken use of a word in place of a similar-sounding one, often with unintentionally amusing effect, as in, for example, “dance a flamingo ” (instead of flamenco ).
Soliloquy
A monologue refers to a long speech delivered by a character during a conversation while a soliloquy refers to the act of speaking one’s thoughts aloud when by oneself
Alliteration
the repetition of usually initial consonant sounds in two or more neighbouring words or syllables
ex. wild and woolly, threatening throngs
Anthimeria
using one part of speech as another, such as using a noun as a verb
ex.
“Then am I kinged again, and by and by
Think that I am unkinged by Bolingbroke”
- Using noun ‘king’ as a verb
Antimetabole
the repetition of words in successive clauses, but in transposed order
ex. “I know what I like, and I like what I know”
“I wasted time, and now doth time waste me”
Simile
Comparison between two things using ‘like’ or ‘as’
