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drugs > FTM1 > Flashcards

FTM1 Flashcards

1
Q

Digoxin

A

inhibits Na/K ATPase

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2
Q

Colchicine

A

anti-cancer by preventing polymerization or prevent of breakdown of MT
also an anti-inflammatory agent in gout patients

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3
Q

Taxol

A

stabilizes and prevents MT dissemble

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4
Q

Phalloidin

A

excessive polymerization of actin and prevents disassembly

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5
Q

Cytochalasin

A

blocks polymerization of actin

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6
Q

quinolones

A

Prevents ligation of cleaved DNA duplex by Gyrase

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7
Q

Etoposide

A

poison for Topo II in Euk

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8
Q

Camptothecin

A

Poison for TOPO I in Euk

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9
Q

Actinomyocin D

A

prevents formation of SS DNA so both transcription and translation are halted. common chemo therapy used in Wilm tumor, testicular cancer and Kaposi Sarcoma

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10
Q

Oubain

A

Na/K ATPase

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11
Q

Clonidine

A

lowers BP

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12
Q

Atenolol

A

Lowers HR

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13
Q

Didanosine

A

HIV drugs that inhibits RT. adds 3 phosphates, nucleoside analogue of adenosine

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14
Q

Tenofovir

A

HIV drug that inhibits RT, adds 2 phosphates and it is an analogue of a nucleotide (adenosine monophosphate)

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15
Q

Acyclovir

A

HIV drug that inhibits DNA pol of virus. it adds 3 phosphates and it is a nucleoside analogue of guanosine. it requires viral thymidine kinase so it is selective

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16
Q

Cytosine arabinoside (araC)

A

anti-cancer by inhibiting DNA pol. nucleoside analogue of cytosine. it adds 3 phosphates
important in leukemia and lymphoma patients

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17
Q

ara A (adenosine arabinoside)

A

anti-cancer by inhibiting DNA pol. it adds 3 phosphates.

important anti-neoplastic agent in patients with relapsed lymphoma and leukemia

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18
Q

AZT

A

HIV drug than inhibits RT. it adds 3 phosphates. it is used a combination drug, it is a nucleoside analogue of thymidine

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19
Q

Rifampin

A

blocks transcription by preventing the first phosphodiester bond to form. particularly affective on gram + bacteria and TB

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20
Q

Alpha-Amanatin

A

binds to RNA pol and prevents transcription. initial symptoms seen in intestine followed by liver and kidney failure. to treat from this poisoning do decontamination of gastrointestine, high doses of PENICILLIN or liver transplant

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21
Q

Toxin A

A

comes from Diptheria which causes infection in upper respiratory tract . it inhibits protein synthesis. give patients Nicotinamide as part of treatment

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22
Q

Streptomycin

A

inhibits initiation of translation, OTOTOXICITY. binds to 30S subunit of ribosome and prevents binding of f-MET to P site

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23
Q

Tetracycline

A

binds to 30S and 40S, inhibits elongation by prevent aminoacyl tRNA to bind to A site

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24
Q

Erythromycin

A

binds to 50S and prevent translocation of elongation. mostly used for gram + bacteria

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25
Q

Chloramphenicol

A

binds to 50S and inhibits elongation by inhibiting peptidyl transferase activity . haematological toxicity may occur so save only for serious infections

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26
Q

cycloheximide

A

research purpose only! binds to 60S and inhibits elongation by inhibitin peptidyl transferase activity. Will not affect mito proteins. CANNOT GIVE TO HUMANS

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27
Q

Puromycin

A

analogue of phenylalanine and inhibits elongation via premature termination of translation
it works for both humans and prok.

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28
Q

Mycophenolic Acid

A

inhibits IMP dehydrogenase in purine synthesis which deprives B and T cells of nucleotides they need and so reduces the immune system activity so it is often used as immunosupressant

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29
Q

hydroxylurea

A

anti cancer drug to inhibit synthesis of DNA by inhibiting ribonuclease reductase

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30
Q

probenecid

A

increases secretion of uric acid in urine

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31
Q

Allopurinol

A

decreases the formation of uric acid

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32
Q

febuxostat

A

decreases formation of uric acid

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33
Q

methylxanthine

A

inhibits Achesterase so cAMP presists

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34
Q

atenolol

A

a beta blocker used to reduce heart rate an regulate tachycardia

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35
Q

sulfanomide

A

inhibits dihydropteroate synthase in bacteria to prevent formation of Tetrahydrophlorate

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36
Q

Methotrexate

A

inhibits dihydropholate reductase in humans to prevent formation of THF

37
Q

trimethoprim

A

inihibits dihydropholate reductase to prevent formation of THF

38
Q

5 Fluorouracil

A

gets converted into 5FdUMP which will then block thymadilate synthase. it is an anti cancer drug and it distrupts DNA in normal and cancer cells but RNA only in cancer cells. give extra thymadine to patients

39
Q

albuterol

A

B2 agonist used to treat asthma

40
Q

proponolol

A

B-antagonist used to treat hypertension

41
Q

imatinib mesylate

A

prevents constituitive activity of TK esp in ABL/BCR in Philadelphia xsome

42
Q

hexamethonium

A

inhibits N2 receptors which are nicotinic receptors of the autonomic system

43
Q

slidenafil

A

prevents break down of cGMP in smooth muscle surrounding vessels to prolong relaxation of the vesse

44
Q

neostigmine and physosstigmine

A

reversible anti ACHE drug, crosses BBB and good for treatment of atropine poisoning. also used for treating myasthenia gravis. they will bind to ACHE to prevent it from breaking down ACH in cleft

45
Q

botulinum toxin

A

prevents ACH vesicles from docking and exocytosis which will lead to paralysis due to no ACH being released . good for using as diagnosis tool for lambert-eaton syndrome

46
Q

erdophonium

A

good for diagnosis of lamber-eaton and myasthenia gravis because its duration of action is short

47
Q

Malathion

A

Anti ACHE by binding to ACHE covalently but it is irreversible so to overcome it you have to make new ACHE

48
Q

pilocrine

A

muscarinic agonist which used to be used for glaucoma treatment and for treating dry mouth

49
Q

methacholine

A

also a muscarinic agonist that is used in detection of asthma because asthmatics are really sensitive to low concentrations

50
Q

bethanechol

A

muscarinic agonist that promotes GI and urinary tract motility so its usually used for post-op patients

51
Q

atropine

A

muscarinic antagonist and it binds to ACH receptors and prevents ACH from binding but its a competetive antagonist so it can be overcome. it causes tachycardia, decrease mucus secretion and reduces GI motility

52
Q

succinylcholine (depolarizing)

A 
nicotinic agonist (depolarizing kind) it prevents the muscle from contracting because it keeps the nicotinic channels open which at first causes a contraction but because they cant return to their resting state they cant contract anymore and eventually receptors are desensitized. used for intubation and ventilation 
but it can cause bradychardia and K+ release along wiht paralysis and hyperthermia
53
Q

pancuromium (non-depolarizing)

A

nicotinic antagonist used to relax muscles during surgery and to induce anesthesia. it binds to the receptors and prevents ACH from having an effect.
but it may cause hypertension, apnea, bronchospasm , salivation or respiratory failure

54
Q

Slidenafil

A

this inhibits break down of cGMP and this will prevent smooth muscle relaxation in vascular smooth muscle

55
Q

Pyridostigmine

A

anti ACHE drug

56
Q

amphetamines

A

inhibits catelcholamine storage

57
Q

pseudoepherdrine

A

inhibits catelcholamine storage

58
Q

cocaine

A

inhibits reuptake of catelocholamines

59
Q

imipramine

A

inhibits reuptake of catelcholamines

60
Q

iproniazid

A

inhibits catelcholamine metabolism

61
Q

phenylpherine

A

alpha-1 agonist that is used to treat nasal congestion but it may cause hypertension

62
Q

Prazosin

A

alpha-1 antagonist that is used to treat hypertension and prostatic hyperplasia but it may cause hypotension as a side effect

63
Q

tamsulosin

A

alpha-1 antagonist that is used to treat prostatic hyperplasia and its more selective so it causes less hypotension

64
Q

clonidine

A

its an alpha-2 agonist that is used to treat hypertension and opioid withdrwals but it may have side effects such as hypertension and bradychardia

65
Q

oxymetaxoline

A

its a non-selective alpha-1 and alpha-2 agonist (only partial alpha-2) which is topical/ nasal decongestant and it treats ocular hyperemia

66
Q

phenoxybenzamine

A

an alpha-1/alpha-2 antagonist used to manage hypertension

67
Q

phenolotolamine

A

alpha-1/alpha-2 antagonist used to manage hypertension

68
Q

dobutamine

A

its a beta-1 agonist which increases heart contractility and output but not heart rate so it is used to treat acute heart failure

69
Q

albuterol

A

its a beta-2 agonist used to treat asthma patients -

70
Q

pinodolol

A

B1 partial agonist that is used to treat patients with hypertension who also suffer from bradycardia

71
Q

atenolol

A

B1 antagonist that is used to treat HT and angina y reducing renin and blood volume. side effects include dysapnea and sedation

72
Q

propanolol

A

B antagonist (non-selective) that also treats HT and angina but with more severe sedation and dyspnea

73
Q

ephedrine/ pseudoephedrine

A

a drug that prevents storage of CA and thus increases the NE in the cleft, it is used to treat nasal decongestion

74
Q

cocaine

A

this is a drug that prevents re-uptake of CA by blocking NET so the concentration of NE increases in the cleft

75
Q

Imipramine

A

this is another drug that prevents re-uptake of CA which is often used to mild depression

76
Q

iprozianid

A

this is a drug that inhibits metabolism of CA via MAO so it will increase the amount of CA in the cleft and cytoplasm, it used to be used to treat mild depression but not anymore

77
Q

Clopidogrel

A

irrev. inihibitor of P2Y12 receptor where ADP is binding required for platelet aggregaiton

78
Q

heparin

A

binds to thrombin to inactivate it and binds to anti-thrombinIII to activate it, overal effect of anti platelet formation

79
Q

warfarin

A

prevents formation of active Vit K so it prevents the formation of mature clotting factors so the overal effect is anticoagulant

80
Q

streptokinase

A

helps convert plasmoligen into plasmin to promote fibrolysis

81
Q

celebrox

A

COX 2 inhibitor to treat pain

82
Q

Statin

A

target HMG-COA reductase to decrease cholesterol synthesis. decreases LDL and TAGs and increases # of receptors of LDL

83
Q

Niacin

A

decreases VLDL release from the liver so LDL also decreases leading to lowered TAGs

84
Q

Ezetimibe

A

decreases cholesterol absorption from the liver

85
Q

cholesteryamine

A

increases bile excretion to help digest fats

leading to reduced LDL

86
Q

fibric acid derivatives

A

decrease LDL and TAG

87
Q

Verapamil

A

a Ca channel blocker to act as a negative ionotrope

88
Q

Nifedipine

A

Ca channel blocker used to prevent altitude sickness

keeps pulmonary artery BP low and A-a difference lower as well.

drugs (1 decks)

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