fte chap 1 Flashcards
What is the desire for food called?
Appetite
What is bile?
A chemical produced in the liver that is released into the duodenum to physically break down or emulsify fat.
Define chemical digestion.
The breakdown of food using chemicals such as enzymes and acids.
What does cholecystokinin (CCK) do?
A hormone produced in the small intestine that suppresses the appetite after eating a meal high in fat.
What is digestion?
A process by which food is converted into substances that can be absorbed and utilised by the body.
What is enzymatic hydrolysis?
A chemical digestive process that breaks down food by breaking the bonds that hold together the molecular ‘building blocks’ within the food.
What hormone stimulates appetite?
Ghrelin
What does the glycaemic index measure?
How fast and how much a food raises blood glucose levels.
What is leptin?
A hormone produced by cells that store fat, which suppresses appetite.
What are macronutrients?
The essential nutrients required by the body in large amounts.
Define mechanical digestion.
The use of physical force to break down food, such as chewing or the squashing movement of the intestines.
What are microbiota?
Microscopic living organisms such as bacteria, yeast and viruses that live in the small and large intestine of all human beings.
What is peptide YY (PYY)?
A hormone produced in the lower part of the small intestine that sends a signal to the brain, telling it to decrease the appetite.
What does satiety refer to?
A state or feeling of fullness after eating food.
What is sensory appreciation of food?
The information humans get from their senses about food and how they interpret that information - sight, smell, taste, touch and hearing.
Define sensory properties of food.
The characteristics of foods as they are perceived by the senses - appearance, aroma, flavour and texture.
What are trans fats?
Fats that are created artificially by a process called hydrogenation.
What are unsaturated fats?
Monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fats.
