FTCE Reading

Question 1

Phonological Awareness

Answer 1

Phonological awareness is the ability to recognize and manipulate the spoken parts of words, including syllables, onset–rime, and phonemes.

Question 2

Phonemic Awareness

Answer 2

The ability to hear and manipulate the sounds in spoken words, and the understanding that spoken words and syllables are made up of sequences of speech sounds.

Question 3

Graphophonic

Answer 3

Readers identifying unknown words by relating speech sounds to letters or letter patterns are using graphophonic cues.

Question 4

Semantic

Answer 4

Using pictures / prior knowledge as reading cues.

Question 5

Syntactic

Answer 5

relating to the grammatical arrangement of words in a sentence.

Question 6

Pragmatic

Answer 6

the branch of linguistics that studies implied and inferred meanings.

Question 7

Consonant Digraph

Answer 7

two or more consonants that, together, represent one sound

Question 8

Implicit Phonics Instruction

Answer 8

whole to part - sight words and like words

Question 9

Explicit Phonics Instruction

Answer 9

part to whole

Question 10

Morpheme

Answer 10

smallest unit of language that contains meaning

Question 11

Homophone Pair

Answer 11

words that have the same pronunciation but completely different meanings

Question 12

Homograph

Answer 12

a word that shares the same written form as another word but has a different meaning

Question 13

onset - rime

Answer 13

The “onset” is the initial phonological unit of any word (e.g. /c/ in cat) and the term “rime” refers to the string of letters that follow, usually a vowel and final consonants

Question 14

phoneme

Answer 14

the smallest unit of sound

Question 15

morphology

Answer 15

study of words, including the principles by which they are formed, and how they relate to one another within a language.

Question 16

Piaget’s Theory

Answer 16

learners must be self-initiated and actively involved in learning. In reading comprehension, teachers must be able to model good behavior of reading with understanding so that learners will ultimately take responsibility for their own learning

Question 17

Schema Theory

Answer 17

as readers process the text of a new reading, they also incorporate the information contained within the text into their preexisting schema.

Question 18

Piaget’s Stages

Answer 18

He identified four stages starting with birth through adulthood: the sensorimotor stage (0-2 years old), preoperational stage (2-7 years old), concrete operational stage (7-11 years old), and formal operational stage (12 years and older).

Question 19

sensorimotor stage (0-2 years old)

Answer 19

During this earliest stage of cognitive development, infants and toddlers acquire knowledge through sensory experiences and manipulating objects. A child’s entire experience at the earliest period of this stage occurs through basic reflexes, senses, and motor responses

Question 20

preoperational stage (2-7 years old)

Answer 20

At this stage, kids learn through pretend play but still struggle with logic and taking the point of view of other people. They also often struggle with understanding the idea of constancy.

Question 21

concrete operational stage (7-11 years old)

Answer 21

While children are still very concrete and literal in their thinking at this point in development, they become much more adept at using logic.

Question 22

formal operational stage (12 years and older)

Answer 22

The final stage of Piaget’s theory involves an increase in logic, the ability to use deductive reasoning, and an understanding of abstract ideas. At this point, adolescents and young adults become capable of seeing multiple potential solutions to problems and think more scientifically about the world around them.

Question 23

constructivism

Answer 23

learners construct knowledge rather than just passively take in information.

Question 24

Marie Clay’s Theory

Answer 24

learners engage in reading and writing activities, they assemble a system of perceptual and cognitive competencies that helps them solve problems as they arise

Question 25

Louise Rosenblatt (reader response theory)

Answer 25

stresses the importance of the reader in making meaning from a text. The basic premise of reader response is that readers breathe life into texts through their prior knowledge and personal experiences

Question 26

Noam Chomsky

Answer 26

based on the idea that all languages hold similar structures and rules, also known as a universal grammar

Question 27

Lev Vygoytsky

Answer 27

students learn by connecting what they know to new learning. This is why teachers need to show the students the connections between what they know and what they are learning. This can be applied to reading fluency and reading comprehension

Question 28

Paulo Freire

Answer 28

Reading is not exhausted merely by decoding the written word or written language, but rather anticipated by and extending into knowledge of the world.