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ALT > FT2: surface anatomy notes > Flashcards

FT2: surface anatomy notes Flashcards

1
Q

Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)

Position of patient
Palpation notes

A

Standing or supine

  1. Bony bump at the front of the hip
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2
Q

Posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS)

Position of patient
Palpation notes

A

Standing or supine

  1. Start @ ASIS (bony bump at the front of the hip)
  2. Palpate superiorly & posteriorly, keeping in contact with iliac crest
  3. PSIS is the first bony/round bump posteriorly

*in males, might sit more superiorly than females

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3
Q

Iliac crest

Position of patient
Palpation notes

A

Standing or supine

  1. Start @ ASIS (bony bump at the front of the hip)
  2. Palpate superiorly & posteriorly, keeping fingers in contact with the bone
  3. First hard lumps you feel on each side are the iliac crests
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4
Q

Iliac tubercle

Position of patient
Palpation notes

A

Standing or supine

  1. Start @ ASIS (bony bump at the front of the hip)
  2. Palpate 5cm posterior to ASIS

*muscle over the top so often is hard to find

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5
Q

Sacrum

Position of patient
Palpation notes

A

Standing or prone

  1. Start @ ASIS (bony bump at the front of the hip)
  2. Palpate superiorly & posteriorly, keeping in contact with iliac crest
  3. PSIS is the first bony/round bump posteriorly
  4. Sacrum will be in between L & R PSIS
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6
Q

Pubic tubercle & symphysis

Position of patient
Palpation notes

A

Supine

Pubic symphysis
1. Start at inferior abdominal and gradually palpate from superior to inferior
2. Palpate until centre bone is felt in pubic region

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7
Q

Ischial tuberosity

Position of patient
Palpation notes

A

Prone

  1. Start by placing pressure inferior to the glute on the posterior thigh
  2. Continue until just superior of the gluteal fold, rounded bony feel
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8
Q

Greater trochanter

Position of patient
Palpation notes

A

Side-lying (test side on top)

  1. Largest bony bump superficial on the lateral hip
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8
Q

Tensor fascia latae (TFL)

Position of patient
Muscle performed to recruit muscle
Instructions given to person
Palpation notes

A

Side-lying (test side on top)
Hip in slight flexion & internally rotated (to bias TFL)

Hip abduction

  1. Slightly flex hip
  2. Knee & ankle internally rotated (turn towards plinth)
  3. Lift leg up to the ceiling
  4. Like where your hands sit in your pocket
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9
Q

Gluteus medius

Position of patient
Muscle performed to recruit muscle
Instructions given to person
Palpation notes

A

Side-lying (test side on top)
Hip in slight extension (to bias glut med.)

Hip abduction

  1. Slightly extend hip
  2. Lift leg up towards the ceiling
  3. Lateral hip - find top of iliac crest & greater trochanter
  4. Place hands in triangle shape before completing action
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10
Q

Gluteus maximus

Position of patient
Muscle performed to recruit muscle
Instructions given to person
Palpation notes

A

Prone
Knee flexed 90° (to bias glut max.)

Hip extension

  1. Take hamstring off tension, lift knee & bend to 90°
  2. Lift knee up to ceiling
  3. It is the most superficial glute muscle
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11
Q

Iliopsoas

Position of patient
Muscle performed to recruit muscle
Instructions given to person
Palpation notes

A

Supine

Hip flexion

  1. Lift leg up to ceiling

Iliac - difficult to palpate alone
Psoas - lower lumbar region

1. Find ASIS
2. Few fingers up & medial
3. Want to be quite close to the VC, apply pressure
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12
Q

Squat - down phase

Movement occurred at the hip joint

Agonist

Antagonist

Was the agonist producing the movement during this activity?
Yes - type of contraction?
No - what was the prime mover?

Was the antagonist active during this activity?
Yes - type of contraction & why?

A

Movement occurred at the hip joint
Hip flexion

Agonist
Iliopsoas

Antagonist
Gluteus maximus

Was the agonist producing the movement during this activity?
No - gravity was prime mover

Was the antagonist active during this activity?
Yes - eccentric contraction to control the movement
**antagonist is only active when controlling movement with gravity as the prime mover

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13
Q

Squat - up phase

Movement occurred at the hip joint

Agonist

Antagonist

Was the agonist producing the movement during this activity?
Yes - type of contraction?
No - what was the prime mover?

Was the antagonist active during this activity?
Yes - type of contraction & why?

A

Movement occurred at the hip joint
Hip extension

Agonist
Gluteus maximus

Antagonist
Iliopsoas

Was the agonist producing the movement during this activity?
Yes - concentric contraction to oppose gravity

Was the antagonist active during this activity?
No
**antagonist is only active when controlling movement with gravity as the prime mover (e.g. squat: down phase)

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14
Q

Trendelenburg test
To conduct

A

Standing on one limb (hip joint), pelvis should remain relatively stable

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15
Q

Trendelenburg test
Active muscles

A

Gluteus medius

16
Q

Trendelenburg test
Type of contraction

A

Isometric (muscle does not change length)

17
Q

Positive Trendelenburg Test

A

Positive Trendelenburg sign - pelvis drops on the side of the unsupported limb
* Possible reason for this is damage to the superior gluteal nerve
* This is because the superior gluteal nerve innervates the gluteus medius

18
Q

How to tell if the pelvis is approximately in a neutral position

A
  • By palpation of the ASIS & PSIS in the anatomical position, they should be level
19
Q

Anterior pelvic tilt

Definition
Movement at hip joint
Movement at lumbar spine
Which muscles are recruited to adopt this position?

A

Anterior pelvic tilt - if the ASIS is lower than the PSIS

Movement at hip joint
Extension

Movement at lumbar spine
Flexion

Which muscles are recruited to adopt this position?
Above pelvis - rectus abdominis (flexion)
Below pelvis - gluteus maximus (extension)

20
Q

Posterior pelvic tilt

Definition
Movement at hip joint
Movement at lumbar spine
Which muscles are recruited to adopt this position?

A

Posterior pelvic tilt - if the ASIS is higher than the PSIS

Movement at hip joint
Flexion

Movement at lumbar spine
Extension

Which muscles are recruited to adopt this position?
Above pelvis - erector spinae (extension)
Below pelvis - rectus femoris (flexion) OR iliopsoas

21
Q

Moving from sit to stand

Change in orientation of the pelvis
Change in curvature of the lumbar VC

A

Change in orientation of the pelvis
Anterior tilt, then once standing goes back into posterior tilt

Change in curvature of the lumbar VC
Flexion then extension once standing

22
Q

Moving from stand to sit

Change in orientation of the pelvis
Change in curvature of the lumbar VC

A

Change in orientation of the pelvis
Posterior tilt, then once sitting goes back into anterior tilt

Change in curvature of the lumbar VC
Extension then flexion once seated

23
Q

knee jerk reflex

Position of person
How to conduct test
Movement that occurs & muscle(s) responsible
Spinal levels being tested

A

Sitting

*vital that patient is as relaxed as possible
1. Patient relaxes leg
2. Brief tap to “squishy part” between patella & shin bone

Knee extension

L3/4

24
Q

ankle jerk reflex

Position of person
How to conduct test
Movement that occurs & muscle(s) responsible
Spinal levels being tested

A

Prone

*vital that patient is as relaxed as possible
1. Bend knee & dorsiflex foot
2. Brief tap @ back of the heel (achilles tendon)

Ankle plantarflexion

L5/S1

ALT (3 decks)

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