FSOT

Question 1

Prehistory

Answer 1

Period of human history before writing was developed. Categorized into 3 major periods

Question 2

Lower Paleolithic

Answer 2

First period of pre history
About 1 million years ago
Creation of crude tools

Question 3

Upper Paleolithic

Answer 3

Second period of pre history
6,000-8,000 BCE
Develop wider variety of tools
Wear clothes and organize in groups with social structures

Question 4

Neolithic

Answer 4

Third period of Pre history
Social Structures became more complex, including growth of a sense of family
Ideas of religion and government
Domesticate animals and produce crops
Build houses, start fires with friction tools

Question 5

Bronze Age

Answer 5

3,000 BCE

Metals are discovered and first civiliztions emerge

Question 6

Iron Age

Answer 6

1,200-1,000 BCE

Metal tools replace stone tools as human devlelop knowledge of smelting

Question 7

Fertile Cesecent

Answer 7

Region includes modern day Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Israel/Palestine and Jordan
Area where the earliest civilizations arose
Provided raw materials but also waves of migration and invasion

Question 8

Sumerians

Answer 8

Civilization known to invent the wheel
Brought irrigation systems into use
Developed timekeeping system

Question 9

Minoans

Answer 9

Civilization known for it’s writing system
Building large buildings that included sewage systems, running water, bathtubs and even flush toilets
Linear Script A– yet to be deciphered

Question 10

Phoenicians

Answer 10

Known for their ability seafare and navigations

Developed purple dye

Question 11

Civilizations of Mesopotamia

Answer 11

Sumerians
Amorites
Hitties
Assyrians
Chaldeans
Persians

Question 12

Sumer

Answer 12

A civilization of around a dozen city states that each had its own gods, leader of each city-state served as a high priest. Known for
Invention of writing
Invention of the wheel
First library 
Hanging Gardens of Babylon
First Written laws
Epic of Gilgames

Question 13

Kushite Culture

Answer 13

One time the largest empire on the Nile River, surpassing even Egypt
Determined leadership thorugh matrilineal descent of their kings
Heads of state female

Question 14

Minoan Civilization

Answer 14

Reigned 2700-1450 BCE
Lived on the island of Crete
Subsisted on trade, and their way of life was often disrupted by earthquakes/volcanoes

Question 15

Literature from Indian Culture

Answer 15

Mahabharata, Bhagavad Gita, the Ramayana, Arthashastra and Vedas
Collection of Sacred texts

Question 16

Norte Chico Civilization

Answer 16

Peru
Consisted of society of 20 individual communities
Existed over 5,000 years
Oldest known civilization

Question 17

The Anasazi/Ancient Pueblo People

Answer 17

Emerged 1200 BCE
Built complex adobe dwellings
Forerunners of later Pueblo Indian Cultures

Question 18

Maya

Answer 18

Emerged 2,600 BCE
Souther Mexico and Central America
Developed written language and complex calendar

Question 19

Mycenaean Civilization

Answer 19

First major civilization in Europe
Relied on conquest over trade
Mycenaean States included Sparta, Metropolis and Corinth

Question 20

Dorian Invasion

Answer 20

Hypothetical theory to explain the end of the Mycenaean civilization
No idea of who the invaders were

Question 21

Spartans

Answer 21

Located in Peloponnesus

Ruled by Oligarchic military state valuing military acts and strict discipline

Question 22

Athenians

Answer 22

Centered in Attica
Athenians created democracy
Excelled in art, theatre, architecture and philosophy

Question 23

Alexander the Great

Answer 23

Considered one of the greatest conquerors in history
Conquered Egypt, Achaemenid/Persian Empire
Travelled as far as India
Spread Greek Culture and had positive effect on trade in the area

Question 24

Hittite Empire

Answer 24

Peaked at 1600-1200 BCE
Centered in modern day Turkey
Conquered Babylonian Civilization

Question 25

Persian Wars

Answer 25

499-448 BCE Wars between the greeks and the Persian empire ruled by Darius Did not end Persian empire but discouraged additional attempts to invade Greece

Question 26

Battle of Marathon

Answer 26

Heavily outnumbered Greek forces able to defeat Persians

Question 27

Battle of Thermopylae

Answer 27

Small band of Spartans held off a throng of Persian troops for several days

Question 28

Battle of Salamis

Answer 28

Naval battle that again saw outnumbered greeks achieve victory

Question 29

Battle Platea

Answer 29

Another Greek Victory | Outnumbered the Persians this time

Question 30

Maurya Empire

Answer 30

Existed from 322-185 BCE Powerful empire established in India Standardized economic system, waterworks and private corporations Trade with Greeks common Laws that protected civil and social rights of citizens

Question 31

Han Dynasty

Answer 31

``` 206 BCE- 220 CE Built Great Wall of China Inventions: paper, paper money, gunpowder High level of artistic development Silk production ```

Question 32

Roman Empire/Republic

Answer 32

Spread Greek Culture from Scottland across Europe | Autocratic government devied up of local governments and provinces

Question 33

Byzantine Empire

Answer 33

Early 4th Century Roman Empire split with eastern portion becoming the Eastern Empire Constantinople the center of the empire Code of Justinian

Question 34

Nicene Creed

Answer 34

325 | Addressed the need for consolidated religion in the Byzantine Empire

Question 35

Viking Invasion

Answer 35

Northern France in 10th century Spurred by over population of their native lands Conquered much of Europe and even reached America before Europeans

Question 36

Feudalism

Answer 36

Way to ensure European rulers would have the wherewithal to quickly raise army if necessary Based on Socio-Economic hierarchy from fiefs to lords to king

Question 37

Black Death

Answer 37

Bubonic Plauge that came to europe Killed close to 1/3 of the population Increased Demand for work Increased mobility within social classes

Question 38

Crusades

Answer 38

Began in 11th-12th century aimed at slowing progress of muslim forces into Europe and expel them from the Holy Land Let to greater power for the Pope and catholic church

Question 39

Alexus 1

Answer 39

Eastern emperor who called for help from Pope Urban II was Palestine was taken in 1095

Question 40

Second Crusade

Answer 40

1145 | Unsuccessful attempt to retake Damascus

Question 41

Third Crusade

Answer 41

Pope Gregory VII attempted to recapture Jerusalem

Question 42

Fourth Crusade

Answer 42

Pope Innocent III attempted to come into Holy Land via Egypt