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World History > FSOT > Flashcards

FSOT Flashcards

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1
Q

Prehistory

A

Period of human history before writing was developed. Categorized into 3 major periods

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2
Q

Lower Paleolithic

A

First period of pre history
About 1 million years ago
Creation of crude tools

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3
Q

Upper Paleolithic

A

Second period of pre history
6,000-8,000 BCE
Develop wider variety of tools
Wear clothes and organize in groups with social structures

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4
Q

Neolithic

A

Third period of Pre history
Social Structures became more complex, including growth of a sense of family
Ideas of religion and government
Domesticate animals and produce crops
Build houses, start fires with friction tools

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5
Q

Bronze Age

A

3,000 BCE

Metals are discovered and first civiliztions emerge

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6
Q

Iron Age

A

1,200-1,000 BCE

Metal tools replace stone tools as human devlelop knowledge of smelting

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7
Q

Fertile Cesecent

A

Region includes modern day Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Israel/Palestine and Jordan
Area where the earliest civilizations arose
Provided raw materials but also waves of migration and invasion

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8
Q

Sumerians

A

Civilization known to invent the wheel
Brought irrigation systems into use
Developed timekeeping system

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9
Q

Minoans

A

Civilization known for it’s writing system
Building large buildings that included sewage systems, running water, bathtubs and even flush toilets
Linear Script A– yet to be deciphered

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10
Q

Phoenicians

A

Known for their ability seafare and navigations

Developed purple dye

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11
Q

Civilizations of Mesopotamia

A 
Sumerians
Amorites
Hitties
Assyrians
Chaldeans
Persians
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12
Q

Sumer

A 
A civilization of around a dozen city states that each had its own gods, leader of each city-state served as a high priest. Known for
Invention of writing
Invention of the wheel
First library 
Hanging Gardens of Babylon
First Written laws
Epic of Gilgames
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13
Q

Kushite Culture

A

One time the largest empire on the Nile River, surpassing even Egypt
Determined leadership thorugh matrilineal descent of their kings
Heads of state female

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14
Q

Minoan Civilization

A

Reigned 2700-1450 BCE
Lived on the island of Crete
Subsisted on trade, and their way of life was often disrupted by earthquakes/volcanoes

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15
Q

Literature from Indian Culture

A

Mahabharata, Bhagavad Gita, the Ramayana, Arthashastra and Vedas
Collection of Sacred texts

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16
Q

Norte Chico Civilization

A

Peru
Consisted of society of 20 individual communities
Existed over 5,000 years
Oldest known civilization

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17
Q

The Anasazi/Ancient Pueblo People

A

Emerged 1200 BCE
Built complex adobe dwellings
Forerunners of later Pueblo Indian Cultures

18
Q

Maya

A

Emerged 2,600 BCE
Souther Mexico and Central America
Developed written language and complex calendar

19
Q

Mycenaean Civilization

A

First major civilization in Europe
Relied on conquest over trade
Mycenaean States included Sparta, Metropolis and Corinth

20
Q

Dorian Invasion

A

Hypothetical theory to explain the end of the Mycenaean civilization
No idea of who the invaders were

21
Q

Spartans

A

Located in Peloponnesus

Ruled by Oligarchic military state valuing military acts and strict discipline

22
Q

Athenians

A

Centered in Attica
Athenians created democracy
Excelled in art, theatre, architecture and philosophy

23
Q

Alexander the Great

A

Considered one of the greatest conquerors in history
Conquered Egypt, Achaemenid/Persian Empire
Travelled as far as India
Spread Greek Culture and had positive effect on trade in the area

24
Q

Hittite Empire

A

Peaked at 1600-1200 BCE
Centered in modern day Turkey
Conquered Babylonian Civilization

25
Q

Persian Wars

A

499-448 BCE
Wars between the greeks and the Persian empire ruled by Darius
Did not end Persian empire but discouraged additional attempts to invade Greece

26
Q

Battle of Marathon

A

Heavily outnumbered Greek forces able to defeat Persians

27
Q

Battle of Thermopylae

A

Small band of Spartans held off a throng of Persian troops for several days

28
Q

Battle of Salamis

A

Naval battle that again saw outnumbered greeks achieve victory

29
Q

Battle Platea

A

Another Greek Victory

Outnumbered the Persians this time

30
Q

Maurya Empire

A

Existed from 322-185 BCE
Powerful empire established in India
Standardized economic system, waterworks and private corporations
Trade with Greeks common
Laws that protected civil and social rights of citizens

31
Q

Han Dynasty

A 
206 BCE- 220 CE
Built Great Wall of China
Inventions: paper, paper money, gunpowder
High level of artistic development
Silk production
32
Q

Roman Empire/Republic

A

Spread Greek Culture from Scottland across Europe

Autocratic government devied up of local governments and provinces

33
Q

Byzantine Empire

A

Early 4th Century
Roman Empire split with eastern portion becoming the Eastern Empire
Constantinople the center of the empire
Code of Justinian

34
Q

Nicene Creed

A

325

Addressed the need for consolidated religion in the Byzantine Empire

35
Q

Viking Invasion

A

Northern France in 10th century
Spurred by over population of their native lands
Conquered much of Europe and even reached America before Europeans

36
Q

Feudalism

A

Way to ensure European rulers would have the wherewithal to quickly raise army if necessary
Based on Socio-Economic hierarchy from fiefs to lords to king

37
Q

Black Death

A

Bubonic Plauge that came to europe
Killed close to 1/3 of the population
Increased Demand for work
Increased mobility within social classes

38
Q

Crusades

A

Began in 11th-12th century aimed at slowing progress of muslim forces into Europe and expel them from the Holy Land
Let to greater power for the Pope and catholic church

39
Q

Alexus 1

A

Eastern emperor who called for help from Pope Urban II was Palestine was taken in 1095

40
Q

Second Crusade

A

1145

Unsuccessful attempt to retake Damascus

41
Q

Third Crusade

A

Pope Gregory VII attempted to recapture Jerusalem

42
Q

Fourth Crusade

A

Pope Innocent III attempted to come into Holy Land via Egypt

World History (2 decks)

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