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FSN 210 > FSN 210 Midterm > Flashcards

FSN 210 Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)

A

Range of physical, behavioral & cognitive disorders caused by prenatal alcohol exposure.

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2
Q

Symptoms of FAS

A

Prenatal & postnatal growth retardation, Impairment of brain & central nervous system, Abnormalities of face, skull, cleft palate, heart, ear, genital, eyes & urinary defects

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3
Q

Amount of alcohol in a drink

A

Drink is ½ oz of pure ethanol, 12 oz beer (5%), 10 oz wine cooler, 5 oz wine(12%), 1 ½ oz liquor (80 proof whiskey, gin, brandy, rum, vodka) (40%)

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4
Q

Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

A

2/3 of energy expenditure. Supports basic processes of life. Measured when lying still after sleeping & 12-14 hour overnight fast.

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5
Q

Physical Activity

A

Most variable. Weight loss & weight gain. Duration, frequency & intensity influence energy expenditure.

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6
Q

Thermic Effect of Food (TEF)

A

10% of total energy intake & involves digestion & absorption.

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7
Q

Increase BMR

A

Exercise (increase muscle mass), Height (taller = higher BMR), Stress (physical) Growth, fever, premenstrual hormones, smoking ciggs, caffeine.

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8
Q

Decrease BMR

A

Aging, less PA, sleeping a lot, fasting (strict dieting)

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9
Q

Calculate BMI

A

wt lbs *703/(ht inches)2

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10
Q

BMI Levels

A

40 Extreme obese

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11
Q

Health risks of being overweight

A

Diabetes type 2, heat disease, CHD-coronary heart disease (higher flammatory, LDL ADL TG, Stroke + hypertension = high blood pressure , Injury to bones, sleep apnea, fatty liver, some cancers

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12
Q

Health risks of being underweight

A

Organ failure, malnourished (decreases immunity-sick) pregnancies – offsprings. Infertility, osteoporosis, medical stress.

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13
Q

Strategies for gaining weight

A

Fruit juice, healthy high fat foods (nuts, cheese, avocados) cook w/ olive oil, bigger portions, dried fruits

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14
Q

Fat stored

A

In adipose tissue

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15
Q

How is fat measured?

A

Skinfold measures, Hydrodensitometry, Bioelectrical impedance, Air displacement plethysmography, Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry

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16
Q

Body fat: Risks of diseases

A

Heart disease, Stroke, Diabetes, Hypertension, Gallstones, Some cancers

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17
Q

Causes of Obesity

A

Genetics, SES (socioeconomic status), stress, activity level, portion sizes (behavior), metabolic

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18
Q

Weight loss drugs

A

Orlistat –(Xenical, Alli) Causes gas, diarrhea, cramping, oily stools, reduced levels of vitamin E & B-carotene Qnexa – (Topomax & Phentermine) Dry mouth, constipation, memory loss, insomnia, birth defects

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19
Q

Bariatric surgery

A

BMI ≥ 40 or >35 with health conditions, < 1% death rate, 20-30% have surgical complications, Nutritional complications: Fe deficiency, Low B12 & folate levels, Decreased bone density

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20
Q

Fad diets

A

Claims, see quick results, before/after pics, celebrities, don’t have to make choices. Fad diets – Do they support weight loss & support good health over the long term? NO. What are some of the adverse effects of low CHO diets? Hungry, impair brain function need 130 g carbs/day, decreases energy, ketosis

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21
Q

Diagnostic criteria for AN

A

Refusal to maintain body weight (less than 85%), Intense fear of becoming fat, Disturbance in body image, Amennorhea in females – no period, Restricting type, Binge eating/purging type.

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22
Q

Weight loss strategies

A

Try diet, mini meals, fast food – modify, portion size, eat only @ table, drink water, exercise, nutrient-dense foods

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23
Q

Diagnostic criteria for BN

A

Binge eating – lack of control, Compensatory mechanism, Vomiting, laxatives, diuretics, excessive exercise, 2x/week for 3 months, Self-evaluation based on body shape & weight.

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24
Q

Diagnostic criteria for BED

A

Eat large amount of food in short time, Feel out of control, 2x/week for 6 months, No compensatory mechanism, Overeating causes marked, distressed, Any of 3 of these: Rapid eating, Uncomfortably full, Eat large amounts when not hungry, Eat alone because embarrassed of amounts, Disgusted, depressed, guilty about overeating

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25
Q

Treatment for AN

A

Team Approach, Psychotherapy – individual & family, In-patient facility or day treatment – dietitian RD, psychotherapist, MD, psychiatrist if meds needed, Medication if needed.

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26
Q

Treatment for BN

A

Psychotherapy, In- patient or day treatment may be needed, Sometimes antidepressants are needed, Change “all or nothing” attitude regarding food, Decrease episodes of binge & purge, Establish good, normal eating habits.

27
Q

Treatment for BED

A

Keep food diary – amts, feelings before/after, portion sizes, designated meals times, address hidden emotions, deal w/real life issues, medication (antidepressants)

28
Q

Female Athlete Triad

A

Disordered eating habits can develop: Desire to improve performance, Enhance aesthetic appeal of their performance, Meet unsuitable weight standards. In female athletes, prevalence of eating disorders is 15 - 62%, Athletes weigh more because of increased muscle mass, Nutrition misinformation, Pressure from coaches, peers & judges

29
Q

How can we prevent eating disorders?

A

Indicate if photoshopped, healthy BMI for models, reveal secrets of ads, parents – positive role models, not putting kids on diets, nutrition programs in schools, deal w/real life issues, Diversity in body size/shape

30
Q

Physical effects of AN

A

Damage to organs, dc immune system, amenorrhea, decrease fertility, decrease lean body mass, no fat stores, hair loss, white hairs on body to keep warm (Lanugo), insomnia, 10% death rate, loss of brain tissue, look older, osteoporosis, electrolyte imbalance

31
Q

Physical effects of BN

A

Acid erosion to teeth, rupture esophagus, Esophagitisà Barret esophagusà esophageal cancer, damage to colon (laxatives), swelling of saliva glands, HTN, heart failure, electrolyte imbalance

32
Q

Beriberi

A

Thiamin Deficiency

33
Q

Pellagra

A

Niacin Deficiency

34
Q

Pernicious Anemia

A

Vitamin B12 Deficiency

35
Q

Megablastic Anemia

A

B12 and/or Folate Deficiency

36
Q

Scurvy

A

Vitamin C Deficiency

37
Q

Night blindness/Blindness

A

Vitamin A Deficiency

38
Q

Who should take vitamin and mineral supplements?

A

Preg women, elderly, gastric bypass patients, vegans, deficiency

39
Q

Toxic Dose of B6

A

Depression, fatigue, irritability & headaches, Nerve damage causing numbness & muscle weakness, inability to walk - can be permanent, Convulsions.

40
Q

Toxic Dose of Niacin

A

Painful flush, hives & rash, Excessive sweating, Blurred vision, Liver damage, Impaired glucose tolerance, Used as a drug (1.5 – 3 g/day will lower cholesterol).

41
Q

Toxic Dose of Vitamin A

A

Bone Defects: Weakened bones & contributes to osteoporosis & fractures, Birth Defects Vitamin A supplements are not recommended the 1st trimester of pregnancy. Toxicity symptoms: Liver abnormalities, Blurred vision, nausea, vomiting, vertigo, headaches & pressure in the skull.

42
Q

Toxic Dose of Vitamin D

A

Elevated blood calcium, Calcification of soft tissues.

43
Q

Toxic Dose of Vitamin C

A

Nausea, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, headache, fatigue & insomnia, Hot flashes & rashes, Interference with medical tests, Aggravation of gout symptoms, urinary tract infections & kidney stones

44
Q

Precursor of Niacin

A

Tryptophan

45
Q

Precursor of Vitamin A

A

Beta-Carotene

46
Q

Functions of Vitamin D

A

Increases absorption of calcium, Stimulates retention of calcium by kidneys, Helps to maintain blood levels of calcium & phosphorus, Immune system, Brain & nervous system, Prevent cancer – breast cancer & others, Muscle strength & falls, Lowers BP, TG & MI (heart attack), Prevent & TRT(treatment) of MS (multiple sclerosis)?, May protect against TB & inflammation, macular degeneration.

47
Q

Functions of Vitamin C

A

Antioxidant, Donates electrons to free radicals, Free radicals: Unstable & highly reactive molecules missing electrons, Protects tissues from oxidative stress, This helps prevent disease.

48
Q

Functions of Vitamin E

A

Vitamin E as an Antioxidant: Stops the chain reaction of free radicals, Protection of: PUFA & vitamin A, Oxidation of LDL-cholesterol, Cell membranes.

49
Q

Functions of Vitamin A

A

Helps maintain the cornea

50
Q

Functions of Vitamin K

A

Synthesis of blood-clotting proteins, Synthesis of bone proteins that regulate blood calcium

51
Q

Functions of Vitamin B12

A

Synthesis of new cells, Maintains nerve cells, Reforms folate coenzymes, Energy metabolism

52
Q

Alcohol Absorption & Metabolism

A

Quickly absorbed in stomach. CHO decreases the absorption of alcohol. Alcohol dehydrogenase breaks down alcohol in the stomach. Who absorbs more alcohol? Men or women? Women, more body fat In small intestine it is rapidly absorbed

53
Q

Alcohol Metabolism

A

Alcohol absorbed from stomach goes to bloodstream, remainder to SI
From small intestine, alcohol goes directly to bloodstream
Alcohol dehydrogenase breaks down alcohol to acetaldehyde
Liver metabolizes alcohol & get accumulation of fatty acids – “fatty liver”
Liver processes ½ oz/hour
If consume more than that, then alcohol travels to rest of body & back to liver

54
Q

Food Source of Vitamin C

A

Citrus fruits
Bell peppers(red)
Fresh fruits/vegetables

55
Q

Food Source of Thiamin

A

Whole-grain, fortified or enriched grain products
Moderate amounts in all foods
Pork – one of the highest foods w/ Thiamin

56
Q

Food Source of Riboflavin

A

Milk products, including yogurt & cheese
Enriched & whole grains
Liver

57
Q

Food Source of Vitamin B6

A 
Found in many protein foods
Meats, fish, poultry & liver
Legumes & soy products
Non-citrus fruits
Fortified cereals
58
Q

Food Source of Vitamin B12

A 
Animal products
Meat, fish, poultry & shellfish
Milk, cheese & eggs
Fortified cereals
Easily destroyed by microwave cooking
59
Q

Food Source of Folate

A

Foliage: Leafy green vegetables
Fortified grains
Legumes & seeds
Liver

60
Q

Food Source of Vitamin A

A

Liver

Fortified milk, cheese, cream, butter, fortified margarine & eggs

61
Q

Food Source of Vitamin D

A 
Fortified milk, butter & margarine
Fish
Cereals
Chocolate mixes
Veal, beef, egg yolks, liver, fatty fish  & their oils
62
Q

Food Source of Vitamin E

A 
Polyunsaturated plant oils such as margarine, salad dressings & shortenings
Leafy green vegetables
Wheat germ
Whole grains
Liver & egg yolks
Nuts & seeds
63
Q

Food Source of Vitamin K

A

Liver
Leafy green vegetables & cabbage-type vegetables
Green tea
Milk

FSN 210 (2 decks)

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