FS HS Flashcards
In accordance with Health and Safety at Work Act you are obligated to?
- Take care of your safety
- Take care not to harm others
- Do not impede company implementation of the Act
- Follow all reasonable instructions
What is a Risk Management Plan?
A documented programme designed to identify and control hazards and other risk factors in relation to the production and processing animal material/products to ensure that the resulting product is fit for its intended purpose
What is the RMP designed to do?
identify and manage
1. Risks from hazards to human health
2. Risks from hazards to animal health
3. Risks from false or misleading labelling
4. Risks to wholesomeness of animal product/material
What are the categories of hazards to human and animal health?
Chemical, Biological and Physical
What hazards affect market access? How
Labelling and wholesomeness. Labelling underpins the integrity of product, correct labelling is one of the key reqs in overseas govs acceptance of products. W/ is YUK factor. (C. ovis cysts in roast)
Labelling reqs?
- Approved
- True Statements
- RMP Number
Define pathogen
Micro-org that is harmful to and can make people sick
Outline what Food Safety hazards are
Any contaminants that are either already in the animal prior to processing, such as agricultural chemicals, vet medicines or diseases, or contamination caused by incorrect processing techniques
Biological Hazards, micro organisms include?
Bacteria
Viruses
Fungi
Parasites
Protozoa
Why is bacteria of most concern among species of micro org to FS HS?
Meat is an excellent growth medium for bacteria, contains all nutrients and water needed for their rapid growth.
Why cant bacteria be washed away or scraped off?
All bacteria are covered in sticky hairs called, Fimbrae. Can only be removed by trimming.
What makes some bacteria more dangerous than others?
Long protein whip-like structures they can use as paddles, called Flagella. Move faster and pass through skin and eye membrane in seconds.
What is a large number of bacteria when referring to contamination?
10^6 - 10^9 per gram (typical population of the GIT)
How does bacteria spoil meat?
- Breaking down structures of meat and producing smells, green colouring and slime. or.
- Producing toxins which make people sick. or.
- Being present on meat when ingested along with the meat causing infection
Wholesomeness covers?
Colour
Odour
Fat content
Leptospirosis: Contracted, symptoms, recovery time, protections
C/ Urine or blood splash to eyes or through small nick
S/ Fever, joint pain, lethargy, infected kidneys
R/ Many months
P/ Eye wash, face shield, latex gloves and hygienic procedures
Tuberculosis: Contracted, Symptoms, Recovery
C/ Person to person or through food or milk
S/ Fever, tubercules in lungs and other organs
R/ Can take years
What pathogens are relevant to the meat inspection industry?
Leptospyrosis
Tuberculosis
Salmonella
E. Coli
Campylobacter
What are AQ obligations to assist company in implementing ZFT programme
FIRD
1. Intensive CCS inspection
2. Corrective action for inspection faecal failure
3. Monitoring and reporting faecal incidences
4. Maintaining a high degree of concentration and discipline throughout the day
U.S market access reqs?
- At least 1 CCP for control of faecal contam present in site HACCP, refer if within ZFT documented system with at least 1 CCP.
- If operator or pack house a producing Beef or Bobby Veal for ground beef must participate in 7 Shiga Toxin-Producing E. Coli programme.
MP Companies are req to sample product to determine? Results are entered where?
- Presence of food poisoning bacteria
- The levels of normal environmental bacteria
Results are entered into the National Microbiological Database
Microbio testing, EU OMAR states
- Operators must ensure Supply, handling and processing of material for test are done in a way that is hygienic, and meets applicable FS criteria
- Ops must decide sample freq if not specified. referring to RMP
- Ops must investigate and correct the cause of any unsatisfactory test result. Failures including batch, must not be exported, or recalled where necessary
What does a Virus consist of?
Body, containing viral DNA. Several projections to fix to host cells and inject viral DNA into healthy cells
What human dx are caused by viruses?
Ebola
Chicken Pox, Measles, Mump
AIDS Acquired Imm Def Synd
Influenza
Hep B, C
What animal Dx are caused by viruses?
Foot and Mouth Dx
Swine Fever
Contagious Ecthyma
Pneumonia
How does contagious ecthyma present a hazard?
Infected sheep have abrasions and prickles in the mouth, lips, nose and tongue where it causes blisters, forming scabs. Trans to inspectors through minute breaks in the skin,
Looks like Herpes. lol.
Parts of bacteria, and their function.
- Capsule, protect from immune system, assist adherence to surfaces
- Fimbrae, Adhering to specific surfaces
- Flangella, not present on all, fast movement, blood, mucous membranes
- Plasma Membrane
- Cell Wall
Only a few gut bacterea pose a risk, what are they?
Salmonella
E. Coli
Campylodacter
What is the biggest cost of all Dx and D to the primary processor?
Faecal matter contamination. E. Coli
What is ZFT?
Zero Faecal Tolerance
Companies carry out Carcass sampling according to ZFT documented systems, What is ovations? what is the alternative
Ovations sampling of CCS is 10/100 CCSs.
Alternatively %100 of CCS may be checked.
Companies carry out Carcass sampling according to ZFT documented systems, What is ovations? what is the alternative
Ovations sampling of Carcass is 10/100 CCSs.
Alternatively %100 of CCS may be checked.
What are the parts of a Virus, and their general functions?
Body, Contains the viral DNA/RNA
Several Projections, Attach to host cells, injecting viral DNA into host cells.
What is a Parasite?
Org that infest an animal/human without giving any benifits to the host.
Parasitic worms are grouped according to structure, what are the groups?
Round Worm
Flat Worm
Tape Worm
Describe the typical traits of Round Worms. Example?
Trichinosis. Long, rounded body
Describe the typical traits of Flat Worms. Example?
Liver Fluke. Shaped like a Flounder.
Describe the typical traits of Tape Worms. Example?
Cysticercus Bovis/Cysticercus Cellulosae. Long, flat, segmented body.
Trichinosis hazard to human health?
Trichinosis is listed in the Biosecurity (Notifiable Org) order 2016. It is a Round Worm parasite of pigs causing Dx in humans, it is contracted by ingesting contaminated Pork containing the live worms. They lodge in the S/ intestines and lay large numbers of larvae that travel through the blood and arrive at muscles and eye causing degeneration. Because they are not visible at inspection, pig and horse meat are sampled and examined at the Lab
Cysticercus Cellulosae and Cysticercus Bovis hazards to human health?
- Cysticercus Cellulosae (pigs) is listed in the Biosecurity (Notifiable Org) order 2016. It is a parasitic Tape Worm in humans, adult 5m T/W live in the S/ intestines, shedding segments containing 1000s of eggs onto pasture where pigs ingest, Eggs hatch in the stomach, burrow through the wall into blood and travel the body, lodging in muscle where they form Cysts. When Humans eat affected meat, cycsts develop into new T/W. In some cases, T/W in the S/I can cause the movement of the intestine to reverse, carrying eggs to the stomach, resulting in hatching larvae entering the blood, and developing cycsts in the brain and muscles.
- Cysticercus Bovis (Cattle) is a parasitic Tape Worm in humans, adult 4-10m T/W live in the S/ intestines, shedding segments containing 1000s of eggs onto pasture where pigs ingest, Eggs hatch in the stomach, burrow through the wall into blood and travel the body, lodging in muscle where they form Cysts. When Humans eat affected meat, cycsts develop into new T/W. In some cases, T/W in the S/I can cause the movement of the intestine to reverse, carrying eggs to the stomach, resulting in hatching larvae entering the blood, and developing cycsts in the brain and muscles.
Consequences of Cysticercus Cellulosae
EU OMAR 7.3 Prohibition/Restrictions
1a. Meat from pigs must not be exported to the EU
Cysticercus Bovis or C. Bovis consequences:
- Customer restrictions
- Market Access
- Increased costs
- Impacts on farmers, stock movement
- Increased inspection procedures. CoP 7, 4.2.3
What is Hydatids?
A parasitic Tape worm of dogs, larval stage affects cattle, sheep, pigs and deer. Humans contract the Dx when handling infested dogs.
What are the Biological hazards to human/animal health from Fungi in the meat inspection industry?
Fungi that infect humans are not common. However Ringworm can be present
Caseous Lymphandenitis CLA is commonly caused by what?
Bacteria entering small cuts, eg. shearing wounds, or inhaled or ingested. It can affect LN, liver, spleen, kidneys and lungs
