FS exam 2 Flashcards
Calcium functions p26
structure to bone and teeth; soluble: blood clot, muscle contract, nerve transmit, some enzyme func
what are some calcium deficiency?
heart stop beat, blood no clot, nerve no work, 骨头有问题
where is calcium stored?
bone
deficiency in children?
no growth, poor bones and teeth, malformed bones (rickets)
how is calcium deficiency related to lead?
lead stored in bones, calcium too low= Ca extracted from bones= no bone to store lead= lead too much in blood
what is Osteoporosis? Osteoporosis is affected by? p26 who does it affect?
holes in bones related to calcium. strong genetic, age and hormonal components; women past menopause and elderly (major cause of broken bones)
what causes Osteoporosis?
由于genetic, 当 sex hormone 减少,calcium metabolism 改变, 难absorb。
why does Osteoporosis affect women mostly?
female 比 male 早过 menopause, 比较早停止制作hormone。而且女生活的比较久,男的在还没这个病前就挂了。
what are some medical development for Osteoporosis? how to counter Osteoporosis physicaly?
medications tt slow loss of Ca, reverse loss; weight bearing exercise increase bone mass and Ca accumulation
phosphorous func? p27
buffer to maintain pH, Metabolism of protein, lipid and CHO,Component of ATP, DNA and RNA
how does phosphorous and Ca work together?
one high, another cant absorb; they compete
where is Mg found?
bones
Mg func?
essential for enzyme tt react with ATP (for energy)
why is it not preferable that enzymes use Ca for Mg?
diff minerals activate diff enzymes; control mineral locations = control enzyme activity
Mg deficiencies?
Failure to grow followed by weakness; Irritability; Irregular heartbeat; Heart and kidney damage; Seizures (tetany, an extreme and prolonged contraction of muscles)
who would most likely have Mg deficiencies? why?
alcoholics/people with kidney disease/ppl who lose fluid, cuz kidney manage mineral concen
how does cell maintain fluid?
Na high=outside, K high=inside; Na pumped out and K in so that cell has a diff to measure
the fluids outside and inside a cell are made up of what?
outside: sodium and chloride; inside: potassium and phosphate
what is Na’s func? p31
regulate body water; main extracellular cation (+), nerve and muscle func
does Na cause blood pressure?
not definite; 10% respond to decrease, no K and Ca also cause; 90% ppl increase Ca more effectively than reducing Na. salt-sensitive: 会有高血压和心脏病几率
what are the factors of high blood pressure? p31
Obesity, Genetics, Inadequate intakes of K, Ca & Mg, Exercise, Relaxation, Moderation in alcohol consumption
potassium functions?
main intracellular cation, important in nerve and muscle func
what could cause K loss?
vomiting, diarrhea, too much sweating
why should people watch out while taking diuretics that function by causing potassium to be secreted from the body?
eat too much Na and not enough K not ok