Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

► Food & Nutrition 4 > Fruits and Vegetables > Flashcards

Fruits and Vegetables Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Gourmet Food flashcards
1
Q

What is the purpose of 2-chloroethylphosphoric acid, also called ethephon?

A

It forms ethylene when metabolized by the plant which causes ripening prior to harvest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why do you add aluminum sulfate to pickles?

A

Increase firmness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why are fruits or vegetables often heated prior to maceration for juice production?

A

To inactivate enzymes which may cause undesirable quality changes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Who is the president associated with peanuts?

A

Jimmy Carter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Who discovered beet sugar? Look up on google

A

Olivier de Serres, French botanist, 1590

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which of the following is a non-climacteric fruit? A. Avocado, B. Grapefruit, C. Banana, D. Mango

A

B. Grapefruit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which of the following avacado variety makes up 95% of the California crop: A. Bacon, B. Fuerte, C. Hass, D. Zutano

A

C. Hass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which mineral is found in high quantities in bananas?

A

Potassium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which country produces the most potatoes and watermelons?

A

China

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which amino acid starts the biosynthesis of ethylene in fruits and vegetables?

A

Methionine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What year was microwave popcorn first available?

A

1984

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What vegetables are known as earth apples?

A

Potatoes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What type of food spoilage does Erwinia carotovora cause in vegetables?

A

Soft rot ( of vegetables)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What type of enzymes are commonly added to fruit prior to juice production?

A

Pectic enzymes (polygalacturonase, pectinesterase, cellulases)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What problem may arise when potato tubers are taken from cold storage and immediately processed?

A

Cold sweetening that causes maillard browning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What part of the plant is the potato tuber derived?

A

Stem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What method is used to dry most fruit in California?

A

Sun drying

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the respiration burst associated with the fruit ripening process?

A

Climacteric rise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the purpose of the “hot break process” in tomato processing?

A

Inactivate PME - pectin methyl esterase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the purpose of adding sodium aluminum sulfate or potassium aluminum sulfate to pickles?

A

Improve crispness and firmness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the original name of the kiwi fruit?

A

Chinese gooseberry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the name of the hottest pepper (sometimes called the “Ghost Pepper”) in the world?

A

Bhut Jolokia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the name for the type of starch obtained from the cassava plant?

A

Tapioca

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the major alkaloid in the Irish potato?

A

Solanine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the major acid in peaches and apricots?

A

Malic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the key enzyme involved in tissue softening of tomatoes?

A

Polygalacturonase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the dominant biopolymer in the middle lamella?

A

(Proto)Pectin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is indicated by the smoky or dull-yellow appearance of a banana peel?

A

Chill injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What group of compounds is mainly responsible for the purple color of Concord grapes?

A

Anthocyanins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What fruit has a fat content that is about 20 times the average of other fruits?

A

Avocado

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What enzyme’s activity is most commonly used to determine the adequacy of blanching vegetables for freezing to ensure stability during storage?

A

Peroxidase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What does “lyonnaise” mean?

A

Made with onions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What compound to red bell peppers is in greater amounts than in green bell peppers?

A

Lycopene, Carotene, Vitamin C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What company is the number one producer of baked beans in the US?

A

Bush Brothers and Company

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What class of carotenoids contains an oxygenated hydrocarbon structure?

A

Xanthophylls

36
Q

What are the two main reaction sequences for which plant energy is derived?

A

TCA cycle and EMP sequence

37
Q

What are some positive effects of pre cooling of vegetables and fruit?

A

Slow degradation reduce/ slow rotting, reduce wilting

38
Q

What 3 methods are used to capture the flavor and characteristics of botonicals to prepare all extracts, oleoresins, and essential oils?

A

Infusion or maceration, Percolation, Distillation

39
Q

Two types of reactions that can cause the color of carotenoids to change during thermal processing of vegetables are?

A

Isomerization and oxidation

40
Q

This spiny green fruit of Southeast Asia has an odor that has been described as “sewer-like.”

A

Durian

41
Q

The synthesis of starch takes place in which specialized organelle(s)?

A

Reserve granule in Amyloplasts and Transient granules in Chloroplast

42
Q

The hot break process is commonly practiced in the manufacture of tomato paste and tomato juice products. This involves quickly heating the products to about 82°C. What enzyme does this process seek to inactivate?

A

Pectin methyl esterase

43
Q

Solanum lycopersicum is the scientific name for what?

A

Garden tomato

44
Q

Seeds from Phaseolus vulgarisare commonly known as what?

A

Common Navy Beans

45
Q

Runner and Virginia are varieties of what food?

A

Peanuts

46
Q

Recommended storage temperature for potatoes is more than 25C, why?

A

Lower temperatures result in more reducing sugar formation creating the potential for browning

47
Q

Prunus armeniaca is the scientific name for?

A

Apricot

48
Q

Prior to dehydration, many fruits are exposed to a type of gas in order to prevent microbial growth and browning. What is that gas?

A

Sulfur; Sulfur dioxide?

49
Q

Potatoes are recondition to alter what compositional component?

A

Reducing sugar content

50
Q

Name the term which describes fruits showing a temporary rise in respiration rate after harvest?

A

Climacteric

51
Q

Name the principal organic acid in apples.

A

Malic

52
Q

Name 4 sources of lycopene besides tomato

A

Watermelon, Pink Grapefruit, Papaya, Pink Guava, Rosehips, Goji Berries (Wolfberry)

53
Q

Lactuca sativa is the scientific name for?

A

Lettuce

54
Q

In the U.S., which major food group is the most consumed?

A

Fruits and vegetables

55
Q

In the Southern USA, black-eyed peas are eaten on New Year’s Day as a symbol of what?

A

Luck

56
Q

In the chlorophyll molecule, what element is located at the center of the porphyrin ring?

A

Magnesium

57
Q

In plant, ethylene is synthesized from what amino acid?

A

Methionine

58
Q

In cells that make up fruits and vegetables, the osmotic pressure balanced with inward pressure of extended cell walls is called?

A

Turgor

59
Q

Does a cup of spinach have more, the same, or less calcium than a cup of ice cream?

A

More (spinach= 244 mg; ice cream = 176 mg)

60
Q

Define a ripe fruit?

A

When the fruit is at it’s optimum color, size, and flavor

61
Q

Define a mature fruit?

A

When a fruit is picked it is ready to eat or will be ready after further ripening

62
Q

Daucus carotais the scientific name for?

A

Carrots

63
Q

Cooking green vegetables in an acidic medium results in the formation of what olive-brown pigment?

A

Pheophytin

64
Q

Cooked vegetables are easier to dehydrate than raw vegetables, why?

A

Blanching of vegetables increases cell permeability to moisture

65
Q

Brassica oleracea is the scientific name for?

A

Cabbage

66
Q

Bell peppers are the only species of Capsicum that do not produce what substance?

A

Capsaicin

67
Q

Apium graveolens is the scientific name for?

A

Celery

68
Q

Allium cepa is the scientific name for?

A

Onion

69
Q

A high molecular weight polyester deposited in the waxy cuticle of some plant epidermal cells is?

A

Cutin

70
Q

1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid is the precursor of what plant hormone?

A

Ethylene

71
Q

What is the most important family of plants used as food? Give two examples.

A

Poaceae (true grasses); wheat, rye, oats, corn, millet

72
Q

What are three varieties of olives used for food and oil?

A

Mission; Ascolano; Seveillano; Manzanillo

73
Q

What are the five most frequently consumed fruits in the U.S?

A

Banana, apple, watermelon, orange, and cantaloupe

74
Q

Name two industrial methods for peeling fruit and vegetables

A

Caustic or lye; steam; hot water; abrasive

75
Q

Name three other vegetables that are the same species as head cabbage?

A

Brussel sprouts, cauliflower, kohlrabi, kale, broccoli

76
Q

Name three items used to reduce oxidation in fruits?

A

Ascorbic acid, sulfur dioxide, and sugar syrups

77
Q

Name five each of climacteric and nonclimacteric fruits

A

Climacteric: Apple, Apricot, Avocado, Banana, Breadfruit, Fig, Guava, Mango, Papaya, Passion fruit, Peach, Pear, Plum Sapote, Tomato, Watermelon. Nonclimacteric: Blueberry, Cacao, Cherry, Cucumber, Grape, Grapefruit, Lemon, Litchi, Melon, Olive, Orange, Pineapple, Strawberry, Tamarillo

78
Q

Name 2 true fruits that are referred to as vegetables

A

Tomato, cucumbers, peppers, corn

79
Q

List five of the eight vegetables found in Campbell’s V-8 juice?

A

Tomato, carrot, celery, beet, parsley, lettuce, watercress, spinach

80
Q

Give 4 reasons to use heat blanching in vegetable processing?

A

To inactivate enzymes; kill or slow down microbial growth; remove some GAS; to soften vegetables; others?

81
Q

Describe the mechanism by which CaCl2 firms plant tissues.

A

Divalent Ca binds the carboxyl groups of adjacent pectin polymers forming bridges and tightening the structure

82
Q

Anacardium occidentale is the species of tree producing what nut?

A

Cashews

83
Q

How is Hominy made?

A

Boiling corn in lye to remove husks.

84
Q

Name five foods that are naturally and usually blue or purple.

A

Blackberries, Blueberries, Black currants, Elderberries, Grapes, plums, eggplant

85
Q
  1. What is the California standard variety cultivar of pomegranate?
A

Wonderful

86
Q

Cynarine is a biologically active hydroxycinnamic acid found in what vegetable?

A

artichokes

87
Q

Cucumis is a genus of tendril-bearing plants. Give 2 examples of the common names of members of the Cucumis family.

A

Cucumber, Cantaloupe, Honeydew Melon, casaba melon, muskmelon

► Food & Nutrition 4 (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions