Fruit fly polyandry

Question 1

reference

Answer 1

Price et al. (2010)

Question 2

Females of most animal species are …, with individual females usually mating with … … … male

Answer 2

polyandrous, more than one

Question 3

The ubiquity of polyandry is enigmatic because…

Answer 3

of the high costs to females of multiple mating

Question 4

Current theory on polyandry largely focuses on its benefit to … …, and there is also evidence that polyandrous clades … more rapidly

Answer 4

individual females, speciate

Question 5

Which species does this study look at?

Answer 5

The fruit fly Drosophila pseudoobscura

Question 6

This study demonstrates that mating with multiple males protects the fruit fly against … caused by a … …-…-… element

Answer 6

extinction, sex-ratio-distorting

Question 7

This suggests that polyandry in nature may be associated not only with individual benefits to females, but also increased … over time of polyandrous species

Answer 7

persistence

Question 8

The study also shows that female … behaviour can determine the frequency of sex-ratio distorters in populations

Answer 8

remating

Question 9

This may be true for many other … genetic elements in natural populations

Answer 9

selfish

Question 10

In males that carry the SR gene in their sperm are likely to have lower sperm counts due to the death of the non-driving gene. This means that…

Answer 10

if a female mates with multiple males, those males who aren’t carrying the SR gene are more likely to outcompete those who are in sperm competition, due to them having more sperm competing - more likely to father offspring

Question 11

If carrying males father fewer than … as many offspring as nondriving males the … chromosome will be less successful

Answer 11

driving

Question 12

Thus extinction of a population due to the fixing of a sex-regulating gene and therefore elimination of one sex is more likely…

Answer 12

in monandrous populations (females have single sexual partner)

Question 13

This study looked at drosophila populations maintained in either … or … conditions in the presence of the driving SR chromosome and compared them

Answer 13

monandrous, polyandrous

Question 14

Loss of … of sperms in SR carriers

Answer 14

half - poor sperm competitors

Question 15

Monoandrous populations showed….

Answer 15

significantly higher proportions of SR males than polyandrous populations

Question 16

… of (12) monoandrous populations went extinct within … generations. In contrast, all … polyandrous populations survived. - significantly more likely to go extinct

Answer 16

40%, 15, 36