FRQ Midterm review

Question 1

Rods

Answer 1

retinal receptors that detect black, white, and gray; necessary for peripheral and twilight vision, when cones don’t respond

Question 2

Cones

Answer 2

retinal receptor cells that are concentrated near the center of the retina and that function in daylight or in well-lit conditions. The cones detect fine detail and give rise to color sensation

Question 3

Retinal Disparity

Answer 3

a binocular cue for perceiving depth: By comparing images from the retinas in the two eyes, the brain computes distance— the greater the disparity (difference) between the two images, the closer the object

Question 4

Depth Perception

Answer 4

the ability to see objects in three dimensions although the images that strike the retina are two-dimensional; allows us to judge distance

Question 5

Motor Cortex

Answer 5

an area at the rear of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movements

Question 6

Movement

Answer 6

an act of changing physical location or position or of having this changed

Question 7

Awareness

Answer 7

about knowing, perceiving and being cognizant of event

Question 8

Performance

Answer 8

physical or mental manifestation of an inner, ultimately unknowable creative drive

Question 9

Proximity

Answer 9

nearness in space, time, or relationship

Question 10

Perception

Answer 10

the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events

Question 11

Cocktail Party Effect

Answer 11

your ability to attend to only one voice among many (while also being able to detect your own name in an unattended voice)

Question 12

Intrinsic Motivation

Answer 12

a desire to perform a behavior effectively for its own sake

Question 13

Extrinsic Motivation

Answer 13

a desire to perform a behavior to receive promised rewards or avoid threatened punishment

Question 14

Figure Ground

Answer 14

people instinctively perceive objects as either being in the foreground or the background. They either stand out prominently in the front (the figure) or recede into the back (the ground)

Question 15

Occipital Lobes

Answer 15

portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the back of the head; includes areas that receive information from the visual fields

Question 16

Temporal Lobes

Answer 16

portion of the cerebral cortex lying roughly above the ears; includes the auditory areas, each receiving information primarily from the opposite ear

Question 17

Procedural Memory

Answer 17

type of implicit memory which aids the performance of particular types of tasks without conscious awareness of these previous experiences

Question 18

Episodic Memory

Answer 18

the ability to recall and mentally reexperience specific episodes from one’s personal past

Question 19

Sympathetic Nervous System

Answer 19

the division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations

Question 20

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Answer 20

the division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving its energy

Question 21

Peripheral Vision

Answer 21

side vision; what is seen on the side by the eye when looking straight ahead

Question 22

Recall

Answer 22

a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier, as on a fill-in-the-blank test

Question 23

Recognition

Answer 23

a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned, as on a multiple-choice test

Question 24

Serotonin

Answer 24

a neurotransmitter involved in the regulation of mood, sleep, eating arousal, and pain. A decrease in this tranmitter is comon in severe depression

Question 25

Depression

Answer 25

a mood disorder that causes a persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest