FRQ Midterm review Flashcards
Rods
retinal receptors that detect black, white, and gray; necessary for peripheral and twilight vision, when cones don’t respond
Cones
retinal receptor cells that are concentrated near the center of the retina and that function in daylight or in well-lit conditions. The cones detect fine detail and give rise to color sensation
Retinal Disparity
a binocular cue for perceiving depth: By comparing images from the retinas in the two eyes, the brain computes distance— the greater the disparity (difference) between the two images, the closer the object
Depth Perception
the ability to see objects in three dimensions although the images that strike the retina are two-dimensional; allows us to judge distance
Motor Cortex
an area at the rear of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movements
Movement
an act of changing physical location or position or of having this changed
Awareness
about knowing, perceiving and being cognizant of event
Performance
physical or mental manifestation of an inner, ultimately unknowable creative drive
Proximity
nearness in space, time, or relationship
Perception
the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events
Cocktail Party Effect
your ability to attend to only one voice among many (while also being able to detect your own name in an unattended voice)
Intrinsic Motivation
a desire to perform a behavior effectively for its own sake
Extrinsic Motivation
a desire to perform a behavior to receive promised rewards or avoid threatened punishment
Figure Ground
people instinctively perceive objects as either being in the foreground or the background. They either stand out prominently in the front (the figure) or recede into the back (the ground)
Occipital Lobes
portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the back of the head; includes areas that receive information from the visual fields
Temporal Lobes
portion of the cerebral cortex lying roughly above the ears; includes the auditory areas, each receiving information primarily from the opposite ear
Procedural Memory
type of implicit memory which aids the performance of particular types of tasks without conscious awareness of these previous experiences
Episodic Memory
the ability to recall and mentally reexperience specific episodes from one’s personal past
Sympathetic Nervous System
the division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations
Parasympathetic Nervous System
the division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving its energy
Peripheral Vision
side vision; what is seen on the side by the eye when looking straight ahead
Recall
a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier, as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Recognition
a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned, as on a multiple-choice test
Serotonin
a neurotransmitter involved in the regulation of mood, sleep, eating arousal, and pain. A decrease in this tranmitter is comon in severe depression
Depression
a mood disorder that causes a persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest