Frontier Notes Flashcards
Why were settlers in Texas vulnerable to Native attacks during the Civil War?
all American men had left for war
How did white settlers feel about the Native Americans at the time?
they thought Natives were uncivilized and should be exterminated
What is a frontier?
Area at the edge of a settlement and was very dangerous
why were forts established on the frontier?
to protect settlements
why did conflict grow worse between the settlers and natvies
settlers began expanding west into Native territory
what were the troubles on the frontier (3)
- Forts were too far apart and had a shortage of supplies
- soldiers were inexperienced
- Native Americans attacked quickly and disappeared
who was Quanah Parker
most influential Comanche leader of all time
what was parker’s father
a comanche chief
what was parker’s mother’s name
Cynthia Ann Parker
what was parker’s mother
a white woman who had been captured as a child
What happened at the Ft. Parker Massacre
Cynthia Ann Parker was captured at 8 years old
what happened to Cynthia’s family
here family was killed
When was the Ft. Parker Massacre
1836
How did Cynthia die
She died of a broken heart
How did Quanah Parker honor his mother
He took his mother’s last name after she died.
Treaty of Medicine Lodge Creek (What did U.S. promise to give Natives) (3)
-3,000 acres of reservation land
- to continuously give supplies
- No Americans would be allowed on the Reservations
Treaty of Medicine Lodge Creek (What did Natives promise) (2)
- to live on the reservations; no more roaming the plains
- to stop raiding the settlements
why did the Treaty of Medicine Lodge Creek fail? (3)
-U.S. government didn’t keep promise for supplies and food
- Natives didn’t want to move to Oklahoma and abandon their lifestyle
- Many agents in charge of the reservations were corrupt and sold supplies for their own profit
which president announced a new peace treaty in 1869?
Ulysses S. Grant
Who took charge of the reservation system?
Quakers
How were the Quakers different?
They were pacifists and treated the natives kindly.
what did the Quakers try to teach the natives?
how to farm
What started the Warren Wagon Train Raid?
The government didn’t bring supplies and food to the reservations.
What happened during the Warren Wagon Train Raid?
The Natives left their reservations and began raiding Texas settlements. Comanche leaders attacked a wagon
How did the Natives treat the Americans during the Warren Wagon Train Raid?
They were violent
Burned white men alive
Who was sent to investigate after the Train Raid?
General William Sherman
why was General William Sherman sent to Texas?
to deal with the Native American problem
what was Sherman’s goal?
Force all Natives into reservations and Kill any who resist
what was General Ranald Mackenzie?
to lead raids against natives
what was the name of the rifle that Texas Rangers used?
repeating rifle
what was the nickname for the repeating rifle?
“Gun that won the west”
How did the repeating rifle give Americans an advantage over Native Americans? (3)
-better accuracy
- more ammo
- reload faster *
Why did the U.S. want to kill the buffalo
if buffalos were gone, tribes would lose their way of life
what did the Natives use buffalo for? (5)
homes
food,
clothes,
tools
weapons
what was the most valuable part of the buffalo?
the hide
what happened when the buffalo were gone?
Natives were forced in reservations and had to rely of the government for food
Why did the U.S. Army start the Red River Wars?
to remove natives tribes and relocate them to reservations
Battle of Adobe Walls summary(3)
-Quanah Parker led 700 people and attacked 28 buffalo hunters camp at Adobe Walls
-Hunters held off natives
-Parker got injured and retreated
Battle of Palo Duro Canyon (4)
-Ranald McKenzie +500 cavalry troops launched a surprise attack on plains tribes in PDC
- burned villages
- killed over a thousand horses
- destroyed winter food supply*
what was significant about this battle
-very low deaths
- because Americans took supplies, it was unlikely Natives would survive through winter
Where and when did Quanah Parker surrender?
Palo Duro Canyon, 1874
what did Parker teach the Comanche people?
-brang education
-ability to survive
what was a buffalo soldier?
African Americans who served in the military
who gave them the name “buffalo soldiers”
the natives
why did Natives give them the name of buffalo soldiers
as a sign of respect for their fighting ability
Victorio was chased down by who?
Buffalo Soldiers
where was Victorio raiding?
along Rio Grande in Texas and Mexico
what ended up happening to Victorio and the Apache
Soldiers killed him and his men
who was Victorio
leader of the Apaches
what reputation did the Texas Rangers have?
they had bad reputation for being cruel
they were known for being ruthless, acted above the law
- targeted certain people
what did Juan Cortina fight for?
unfair treatment/tried to protect right of Mexicans and Tejanos
How did the Native Americans change in Texas in the 1800s (3)
- population decreased
- remaining natives were forced to stay on reservations
- it was rare to see natives anymore
How did the white settlers change in Texas in the 1800s (3)
-population increased
- railroad lines were expanded to about 9,000 miles
- they could easily move form East to West Texas
corrupt
dishonest or immoral
the Spanish word for “rancher”
ranchero
the movement of cattle in large herds to a stockyard or market
drive
public land that could be used by anyone, usually for grazing cattle
open range
a place where livestock are penned before they are slaughtered or shipped elsewhere
stockyard
to encourage people to take part in an activity
promote
a group of investors who join together to fund a business
syndicate
a state of enforced isolation designed to prevent the spread of disease or pests
quarantine
the belief that it is wrong to use violence to settle conflicts
pacifism
strong tissue that connects muscles to bones
sinew
tactic
a course of action used to achieve a goal
separated based on membership in a racial or ethnic group
segregated
an African American soldier serving in the western United States after the Civil War
Buffalo Soldier
a person who illegally leaves the armed forces while still required to serve
deserter
renegade
a person who rejects lawful behavior
