Frontal lobe

Question 1

Limites del lobulo frontal

Answer 1

• anterior al surco central y lobulo parietal

- Anterior y superior al surco lateral o fisura de silvio y el lobulo temporal

Question 2

divisiones del lobulo frontal

Answer 2

corteza motora primaria , corteza motora de asociacion , frontal eye fields , corteza pre frontal y area de broca

Question 3

funciones y ubicacion de la corteza motora primaria

Answer 3

• anterior al surco central

- involucrada en movimiento voluntario particularmente de los musculos esqueleticos

Question 4

funciones y ubicacion de la corteza motora de asociacion

Answer 4

o consisting of two specific areas:
 Premotor Cortex.
 Supplementary Motor Area.
 Both anterior to the Primary Motor Cortex
 Planning, Sequence, and Execution of movement.

Question 5

Frontal Eye Fields function and location

Answer 5

 Anterior to the Motor Association Cortex.

 Voluntary rapid eye movements.

Question 6

pre frontal cortex function and location

Answer 6

 Anterior to the Frontal Eye Fields
 Memory
 Learning
 Motor |planning
 Personality
 Behavior

Question 7

brocas area function and location

Answer 7

 Superior to temporal lobe, anterior to Primary
Motor Cortex.
 predominantly in the dominant hemisphere (e.g.
Right-Handed people in Left Frontal Lobe)
 muscles of speech

Question 8

location of the primary motor cortex

Answer 8

pre central gyrus

Question 9

Brodmann area of the primary motor cortex

Answer 9

4

Question 10

funcion of the primary frontal cortex

Answer 10

o Sends motor information from the cortex to the
brainstem and to the spinal cord the final motor plan.
o Sent either to the brain stem areas, or through the
brainstem to the spine.
o The tracts from the Motor Cortex are all involved in
voluntary motor movement

Question 11

tracts of the primary frontal cortex

Answer 11

corticoespinal tracts and corticobulbar tracts

Question 12

function of the corticoespinal tracts

Answer 12

voluntary movements of muscle of limbs and trunk

Question 13

function of the corticobulbar tract

Answer 13

gives innervation to nuclei located in the brain stem.
o Particularly Cranial Nerves that supply motor nerve
innervation to skeletal muscles of the head and neck.

Question 14

body areas on the homunculus

Answer 14

o Foot – located deep within the longitudinal fissure.
o Leg - travels laterally up through to the surface of the
longitudinal fissure.
o Hip – located at the longitudinal fissure.
o Trunk – runs posteriorly alongside the outer section
of the central gyrus.
o Arm and hand lead towards the lateral sulcus.
o Head - superior to the lateral sulcus.
o Tongue - located within the lateral sulcus.

Question 15

general body areas on the homunculus

Answer 15

o Most medially relates to the foot, leg and hip area.
o Most laterally relates to trunk, shoulders, and arms.
o Most laterally and inferiorly relates to the face and
neck.

Question 16

what does represent The sizing of the body sections indicated on the
homunculus,

Answer 16

represents the greater number of motor
units.
o This is due to more fine motor skill requirements in
that section of body, (e.g. hand uses highly skilled
fine motor movements therefore the homunculus
representing hand would be larger than that of the
arm)

Question 17

if a person were to sustain an occlusion in the brain in the

Anterior cerebral artery, which part of the body would be affected

Answer 17

the leg hip and truck area would

be impacted.

Question 18

if a person were to sustain an occlusion in the brain in the

middle cerebral artery, which part of the body would be affected

Answer 18

the arm, hand, face and neck would be impacted.

Question 19

In general, an ACA occlusion would indicate with more…

Answer 19

lower extremity paralysis

Question 20

In general, an MCA occlusion would indicate with more..

Answer 20

upper extremity paralysis.

Question 21

the mottor association cortex is made of the…

Answer 21

premotor cortex and the supplementary motor cortex

Question 22

brodmanns area of the motor association cortex

Answer 22

6

Question 23

location of the premotor cortex

Answer 23

o Located laterally beside the Primary Motor Cortex,

finishes in the superior region.

Question 24

location of the supplementary area

Answer 24

o Located most superiorly and leads down into the

longitudinal fissure.

Question 25

funciton of the association motor cortex (supplementary motor area and premotor cortex)

Answer 25

• Both involved in the fine motor movement.
  o Has a 15 percent contribution to the Corticospinal
  tract.
  o Supplies the Axial Muscles and the proximal limb
  muscles, thus the trunk, hips, and shoulders.
  It is involved in movement through:
  o Planning,
  o Sequence
  o Execution

Question 26

the basal ganglia plays an important role in the motor association cortex due to

Answer 26

o Initiates movement,
o prevents unwanted movement,
o modifies incorrect movements.

Question 27

the cerebellum plays an important role in the motor association cortex due to

Answer 27

o The equilibrium of the inner ear,
o The sensations experienced by the body,
o The plan for future movement by the motor
association complex.
o All the information is considered, and modification to
the expected movement is sent back to the motor
association complex for further planning

Question 28

brodmanns area for the prefrontal cortex

Answer 28

8 to 14, 24, 25, 32,

45 to 47

Question 29

function of the pre frontal cortex

Answer 29

Involved with the following:
o Personality & Behaviors
o Working memory
o Cognition & Learning
o Decision making/ reasoning / judgement
o Motor planning

Question 30

the pre frontal cortex communicates with….

Answer 30

o Hippocampus
 Memory and cognition
o Hypothalamus
 Personality
o Amygdala
 Personality and Behavior
o Ventral Tegmental area.
 Involved with reward centers, additions, and
decision making.
o Posterior Association Area
 Visual signals
 Auditory signals
 Sensory signals
 All send information to the area.
 This is sent to the prefrontal cortex for motor
planning.

Question 31

fronto-temporal dementia characterstics

Answer 31

o Personality changes
 aggressive hostile agitated
o Working memory loss/ lately in the disease
 Aphasia
 Difficultly in learning or storing new type of tasks.
o Decision making
o Behaviors
 perform certain behaviors that they wouldn’t
normally perform.
o increased inappropriate behavior
 sexual activity or gambling
o parkinsonian type symptoms / lately in the disease
 motor deficits.