from start- end of bismark Flashcards
the battle of Schleswig- Holstein
1863
germany wants holstein as its fully german and schleswig is part german but denamark wants schlewig so they went to war and Christian IX (danish king) lost both the dutchies
-the Austro- Prussian war (seven weeks war)
1866
led to the abolition of the german confederation, prussia and italy made an alliance and invaded holstein on june 9th. they decalred war on austria as it showed resistance to stop their joint rule of holstien and an armistice was called on july 22nd called ‘ the peace of prague’ where austria had to give up schlewig-holstein to prussia
the Franco- Prussian war
1870-71
between france and germany as france were worried when a prussian king became a candidatre for the spanish thrown, the candicacy was removed but france still declared war. they lost due and signed the treaty of frankfurt where they had to pay 5 billion francs
the germanic states
-1815 300 to 39
-prussia protestant and austria catholic
-deutschland uber alles
-1871 germany established
-in 1800 only 3 german ciites had a pop above 100,000 in 1870 there was 11
railways
-began 1850
-germanys 3x size of austrias
zollverein
-1834
-creation of a customs union
-28/39 states agreed
-the mighty lever
prussian militeray refrom
-prussia had insignificant role in crimean war
-helmut von moltke appointed army chief in 1857
-males had to do 3 years in army and 4 years in reserve
-new rail lines construced
-more staff employed to plan
unfication posotives and negatives
-caused ecomomic boom (helped by french reperations)
-berlin became 4th largest city
-gave germans pride
-alsace - lorraine had eurpoes largest deposit of iron
-railway network size doubled
-catholics were disliked (60% protestant)
-agreeing was hard as states had own tradtitions
-10% non german nationality
the parties
-national liberals
1867
-zentrum (centre party)
1870
-socail democtratic party (spd)
1875
-german conservative party (dkp)
1976
-free conservatives/ reichspartei (fkp)
1871
-progressives/ fortschrittspartei (dfp)
national unity
-bismark worked with national liberals
-a new currancy created (the mark)
-a reichbank created
-internal tariffs abolished
-a postal system created
-septennats created
-polish language abolished
-400,000 french left by 1914
otto von bismark
-1871 became german chancellor
-died july 1898 from gangrene
-1890 resigned
causes for kulturkampf
-37% of population were catholic
-fear of rebellion as power of catholic church was growing
-had it own political party (zentrum) which was 2nd largest in 1871
-1864 syllabus of errors
-1870 doctrine of papal infallibility
-hope it would win over catholic support
kulturkampf
-1871 press campaign calling zentrum ‘home of bismarks eninmies’
-vacticin relations over in 1872
-jesuits banned from preaching
-1874 responsibilites of resistering births, marrige and deaths taken away from church
-1873 may laws
*catholic eduaction under state supervision
*had to pass a state exam to be a priest
*appointment of clergy was made by state
*finacial aid to cathlolic church ended
*prussian catholics deprived from rights
-bread basket law
-1879 16 mill of church property siezed
end of kulturkampf
-zentrum had 91 seats in 1874 election so could make a collistion to be 155 liberal seats
-ludwig windhorst did tours
-attempted assisantion of bismark
-liberal jews and protestant were worried
-bismark wanted an alliance with austria
-bismark wanted to defeat the enemy (the socialists) (hated them as they were interantional)
-bisamark wanted free trade
-1880 may laws over but resigerting one remained and a couple others
-austria alliance 1879
-catholics still outcased ( protestants 50% more likey to get uni place)
-
end of liberal era
-bismark wanted protectionsim, the liberals didnt
-protectionsim causes
*would gain land owners and bussinessmen support
*german agriculture suffered from international competion
*fear of war and not being able to feed the nation
*would make german sekf sufficiant
*
- july 1879 tarrif act
-frankenstien clause (over 130 marks divided between states)
socialist attack
-bismark overestimated the spd (only 12 seats in 1877
-blamed the attempted assiantions of wilhem in may 1878 on socialists
-tried to stop socialist properganda
-passed an antisocialist bill in oct 1878 and was renewed 4x
*trade unions banned
*no socialist meetings
*polic epower increased
-socialism was illegal until sept 1890
-socialist went underground and held meeting abroad so popularity continued to grow (35 seats in 1890 and 278,000 in trade uninions)
- bismark tried to win over socialist votes with 1883 sickness insurence act (provided up to 13 weeks sick pay to 3 mill workers but theyhad to pay 2/3 of it and employers 1/3), 1884 accident insurence act and 1889 old age and disabliites act (over 70s only )
bismarks challenges
-1870-78 works with liberals (unatural alliance)
-1878-79 with conservatives and zentrum
-tried to invent reich council
-1886 sets up fake military crisis as didnt wanteds army budget assesed every 3yrs not 7 (reichstag agree out of fear)
-march 1888 death of wilhelm his son took over for 3 months then died
-wilhelm II comes to power and thery argue over anti socialist bill in 1890
-in march 1890 argue over rights of ministers as wilehm wants 1852 order removed
-bismark told to resign of be dismmised
-resigns 3 days later
