from "short notes" Flashcards
1st degree burn definition + what part does it affect?
- definition: is characterized by classic sign of inflammation: pain, heat, swelling and redness. within few days, the injured cells peel away from the totally healed subjacent skin with no residual scarring.
- This minor burn affects only the outer layer of skin (epidermis). it may cause redness and pain.
2nd degree burn: what are the 2 categories ?
1st: type A: is superficial partial thickness
2nd: type B: deep partial-thickness
2nd degree burn: definition of type A:
is characterized by blister formation. usually heal in 10-17 days. spontaneous breaking or debridement of blister, result in weeping of fluid from the burn surfaces.
2nd degree burn: definition of type B
- deep partial thickness: more severe injury and often indistinguishable from the 3rd degree burn. heal spontaneously within 3)4 weeks, and can cause SCARRING. (not in type A)
- this type if burn affect both epidermis and dermis. it may cause swelling and red, white or splotchy skin. blister may dev and pain can be severe. deep second degree burns can cause scarring.
3rd degree burn: definition
skin is totally destroyed through entire thickness of dermis. restoration only by grafting skin from nonburned area of body. Both epidermis and dermis are destroyed.
burn areas may be black, brown and white
third degree burn can destroy nerves, causing numbness.
4th degree burn: def
not only is skin totally destroyed but subjacent tissues such as subcutaneous fat, muscle or bone are injured or destroyed.
What is a blister ? Causes? What are the types? What is the ttt?
-> def: blister is pocket of fluid that forms between the upper layer of skin.
-> most common cause are friction, freezing, burning, infection, chemical burn
-> main type of blisters:
- friction blisters: rubbing on skin, clear liquid (walking with wrong shoes)
- blood blister: when something pinches your skin, blood flood the area from broken vessels
- heat blister: burn and sunburn
-> TTT: as new skin grows beneath the blister, the fluid will slowly disappear and the skin will naturally dry and peel off.
NEVER POP A BLISTER IT ACTS AS A PROTECTION
function of the skin?
- protecting body
- regulation body temperature
- maintaining water and electrolyte balance
- sensing painful and pleasant stimuli
- participating in vitamin D synthesis
Etiological classification of burn:
- > physical factors:
- hot: solid, liquid, stream
- flame
- electricity: electrocution, electric flame, lightening
- radiation
- > chemical burns: acid, alkali, salts, tar, cement
- > friction burns
- > explosion
- > smoke inhalation
- > combined lesions
- > high pressure injection
- > frostbite
Burn mortality index
burn index: prognostic = age + % of burned surface area Result >= 100 - 100% mortality 75-100 - 60% mortality <75 - 30% mortality < 50 - 0% mortality
Wallace rule of 9
-> quick estimate of percent of burn area
CHILD ADULT
HEAD 19 9
ARMS 9 9
THRX F 18 18
THRX. B 18 18
GENITAL 1 1
LEGS. 13 18Major burn injuries include?
- Burn of more than 25% of TBSA (total burn surf area) (20% in children & elders)
- full thickness burn of 10% TBSA
-All burn involving face, eye, ears, hands, feels and perineum - electric burns
- chemical burns
all burn injuries complicated by inhalation injury or major trauma - combined lesions
Moderate burn injuries include?
- mixed partial and full thickness injury of 15-25% TBSA in adults
- with less than 10% full thickness burn, that do not present serious threat of functional or cosmetic impairment of face, eyes, eras hand , feels and perineum
Minor burn injuries include?
- burns of less than 15% TBSA in adult (10% in children)
- less than 2% full thickness injury and without cosmetic impairment of face, eyes, ears, hands, feet and perineum
Parkland formula?
-> the fluid replacement therapy in the first 24h after injury
a. Electrolyted (lactate ringer’s)
4 ml x patient weight x % TBSA = volume (ml)
time: 1st 8h 2nd 8h 3rd 8h
give: 1/2 1/4 1/4
b. no colloid solution
c. no glucose in water
