From Lezak Ch. 7 Flashcards
What prop. Of adults in U.S. Will develop a brain tumor in a given year? Which is roughly how many new cases?
46 out of every 100,000
115,000 new U.S. Cases
In adults, most brain tumors are primary or secondary?
Secondary metastases 2:1
Opposite is true for children
What is another term for Brain metastasis
Secondary intracranial neoplasm
What factors impact the specific cognitive and neurobiological behavioral effects of the brain tumor
Nature, site, size, rate of growth, treatments
Define Glioma
Tumors that arise from the glial cells forming the connective tissues of the brain
What is the most common primary brain tumor in adults
Glioma
Gliomas account for what proportion of all brain tumors
Approximately half
Are gliomas more common in men or women?
Men 1.6:1
Gliomas can be further subdivided into:
Astrocytomas, oligodendroglial tumors, and mixed gliomas
Brain tumors are graded according to?
The most malignant area within them
What is the most common kind of Glial tumor in an adult
Malignant astrocytic tumors i.e. glioblastoma multiforme and anaplastic astrocytoma
Glioblastoma’s constitute what what proportion of malignant gliomas
80%
Glioblastoma is typically present in which decade of life
The sixth or seventh decade
Astrocytomas typically present in which decayed of life?
Fourth or fifth
Is surgical resection of glioblastoma multi-form for anaplastic astrocytoma possible? Why or why not
Surgical resection is nearly impossible because the tumor has invaded the surrounding neural tissue
Astrocytic tumors are easily identified on MRI by:
There irregular ring-like gadolinium. Enhancement, surrounding edema, and mass effect
Because you can really resect the entire tumor what does treatment for astrocytic gliomas involve
So divorce action of as much as the tumors possible, cranial radiation, possibly the addition of chemotherapy although this has produced only modest increases in survival times
Median survival time for glioblastoma patients
One year from diagnosis
Median survival time for patients with anaplastic astrocytoma’s
Two years from diagnosis
Lower grade astrocytoma tend to occur in what decade of life
Second or third
The first sign of a low-grade astrocytoma is generally what? Until then they are generally what
Seizure; neurologically intact
On MRI low grade astrocytomas appear as:
Text use non-enhancing masses without surrounding edema or mass effect
On PET scanning low-grade astrocytomas are,
Hypometabolic… Hyper metabolic areas would suggest a more malignant process
Treatment of low-grade astrocytomas
Subject of some debate, maybe delayed until symptoms of merge or condition worsens, complete surgical removal is ideal but may not be possible, chemotherapy is of limited benefit, post surgical radiation therapy is often recommend
What kind of postsurgical radiation therapy is often recommended for low-grade astrocytoma patients
Low-dose radiation therapy, which is which is as efficacious as higher doses that with fewer side effects
Prognosis associated with low-grade astrocytomas
Most will involve an into malignant gliomas, median survival time for patients is approximately five years but there’s considerable vera Bill variability,
What factors are associated with poor prognosis for low-grade astrocytomas
Age over 40, larger tumor size, tumor crosses the midline, and the presence of neurological deficits prior to surgery
Oligodendrogliomas account for what percentage of Glial neoplasms
20%
Oligodendrogliomas, more common in men or women?
Men 2:1
Oligodendrogliomas typically occur in what day decade of life
Second or third
Oligodendrogliomas typically arise from what part of the brain
The deep white matter underlying the frontal or Temporel lobe
What are often the first signs of an oligodendroglioma
Seizure, headache, progressive hemiparesis
In the case of oligodendroglioma’s, is hemiparesis always progressive?
No, it can be a cute in on said if there has been a hemorrhage
Treatment for Oligodendrogliomas
Surgical resection if possible, chemotherapy and postsurgical radiation… These tumors are unusually sensitive to chemotherapy, unlike astrocytomas
Oligodendroglioma prognosis
75% respond to chemotherapy, nearly half of these people can function at premorbid levels or at least have sustained remission with meaningful clinical improvement
Hat proportion of ca pts will develop tumors that invade or impinge on brain tissue?
1 in 4
