From Lecture Slides Flashcards
Healthy behaviours important to pregnancy?
- Eat like a diabetic always
- Drugs and alcohol are tetrogenics, avoid!
- Limited caffeine
- Take folic acid supplements
- Adequate hydration
Foods to avoid while pregnant?
- Soft cheese
- Raw eggs
- Limited fish (no uncooked)
- No buffets
Complications that may place pregnant woman and foetus at risk?
- Anaemia
- Diabetes
- Ectopic pregnancy
- Pre eclampsia
- Eclampsia
- Hyperemesis gravidarum
- Antepartum bleed
Pre existing illness of pregnancy?
- Anaemia
* Diabetes
Normal fatal heart rate?
110-160bpm
What is the Peuperium?
6 weeks after placenta delivery
Post birth changes?
- Placenta separation
- Placenta delivery
- HR and BP return to normal
- Ice the peritoneum
- Uterus contracts back to normal size
Latent (1st) phase of labour?
- Cervix dilates to approx 3cm
* Mild to moderate contractions
Transitional / Advanced (3rd) phase of labour?
- Cervix dilates from 7-10 cm
* Strong contractions
Active (2nd) labor phase?
- Cervix dilates to 7cm
* Stronger contractions
First stage of labour?
- Cervix dilates
- Contractions begin
- Latent / Active / Transitional phases
Second stage of labour?
- Birth of baby
* Cervix fully dilated
Third stage of labour?
- Afterbirth / placenta delivery
* Immediate newborn care
Primary PPH occurs when?
Within 24 hours post birth
Secondary PPH occurs when?
After 24 hours and up to 6 weeks port birth
Causes of PPH
- Previous Hx
- Prolonged labour
- Clotting disorders
- Fibroids
- Multiple births
What are the 4 T’s of PPH?
- Tone
- Trauma
- Thrombin
- Tissue
Management of PPH
- MET call
- Massage fundus
- Administer oxytocin
- IV fluid
- Bloods
- Fluid balance
- Bimanual compression
Physiological adaptation of newborn to extra-uterine life?
- Cord clamped
- Lungs breathe in O2
- Fetal shunts close
- Resps established
- Voids within 24 hours
Characteristics of newborn?
- Sleeps 16-24 hours first week
* Wakes every 2-8 hours for feed
Vaccinations given in hospital?
- Vitamin K
* Hepatitis B
Nutritional requirements for term newborn?
- First feed 2-4 hours post birth
- Bottle feeding every 2 hours
- Formula feeding read instructions
Vaccinations registered up to?
7 years
Vaccination schedule?
- Birth / 4 / 8 / 12 / 18 months
* 4 / 7 years
Family centred care involves what?
- Family is the best place for children
- Have family involved in all medical treatment
- Offer parents / siblings support
- Education for informed decisions
Developmental milestones for 0-18 years
- Vision
- Fine motor
- Hearing
- Speech
- Language
- Gross motor
- Social - Emotional - Play
- Cognitive
Developmental screening tools?
- Ages and Stages (PEDS)
- Head circumference / weight / height
- Communication / gross and fine motor / problem solving / personal - social
Failure to Thrive? Causes?
Children less than 5, poor weight gain. Weight is less than the 3rd percentile on two seperate occasions.
Causes can include insufficient calorie intake / absorption, psychological factors.
What does APGAR stand for?
- Activity
- Pulse
- Grimace
- Respirations
- Appearance
- Respirations
Pain assessment QUESTT stands for?
- Question the child
- Use a pain score
- Evaluate behaviour
- Secure parents involvement
- Take action and evaluate results
What is CHIPPS?
Children and infant post-operative pain scale
What is FLACC?
Face, legs, arms, cry, consolability pain scale
Unique characteristics of child’s airway?
- Short neck
- Narrow nostrils
- Loose teeth
- Horse shoe shaped epiglotis
- Short soft trachea
Clinical symptoms of dehydrated child?
- Sunken eyes
- Dry mucous membranes
- Poor skin turgor
- Cool peripheries
- Lethargic
- Pale - white skin
Why are children susceptible to acid base imbalances?
Higher water percentile, immature tubules and nephrons
Symptoms of ICP in infants?
- High pitched cry
- Tense bulging fontanelle
- Dilated scalp veins
- Poor intake
- Widened pupils
What is AVPU?
Consciousness level for children
Alert and awake
Verbal stimuli response
Painful stimuli response
Unresponsive
