From Firecracker Flashcards
Waterhouse-Friderichsen
hemorrhagic adrenalitis from fulminant meningiococcemia (N. meningitis sepsis)
Liddle’s syndrome
Autosomal dominant excess loss of potassium and reabsorption of sodium. HTN, Meta alkalosis. treat with amilioride (potassium sparing).
Apple green birefringence
Amyloidosis (Congo Red stain under polarized light)
Fanconi anemia
Most common inherited aplastic anemia, defects in non-homologous end-joining
Naegleria fowleri causes…?
primary amoebic meningoencephalitis
Acanthamoeba spp. causes…?
granulomatous amoebic encephalitis, most common in immunocompromised individuals (HIV)
Type 1 RTA
DCT failure to secret H and resorb K. a-intercalated cells.
Goodpasture syndrome
Collagen IV attack in lung and renal. type II hypersensitivity, IgG anti-GBM (against type IV collagen), attack glomeruli and alveoli, C3 positive in GBM, ANCA-negative.
scopolamine toxic side effects
mydriasis, cycloplegia, CNS anticholinergic toxidrome. It is an antimuscarinic like atropine.
4 drugs to treat CMV
ganciclovir, valganciclovir, foscarnet, cidofovir
Hartnup disease
Insufficient resorption of tryptophan. Autosomal recessive. Treat with high-protein diet + nicotinic acid. Symptoms of pellagra: Diarrhea, Demetia, Dermatitis. Neutral aminoaciduria.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules pathomneonic for…?
Diabetic nephropathy
Potter sequence
Bilateral renal agenesis
Failure of fetal renal excretion
Oligohydramnios, resulting in decreased amniotic fluid
Multiple anomalies (Potter phenotype) and early death
B1 blockers on the kidney?
Reduce renin release, thereby reducing angiotensin II, causing vasodilation
Reed-Sternberg cells
Hodgkin’s lymphoma. These are bi-nucleated “owl eye” B cells. Necessary but not sufficient for diagnosis. Can release cytokines which cause minimal change disease.
Paragonimus is…?
Lung fluke
Alport syndrome
defective collagen IV assembly. Ocular (lens and cornea), nephritic, hearing loss. Basketweave GBM, red cell casts.
Minoxidil
Prodrug, sulfated by liver, causes vasodilation
Furosemide (Lasix) toxicity mnemonic
OHHH DANG
Neuroblastoma oncogene?
N-myc
Congenital hypothyroidism
Cretinism: Poor brain development Pot-bellied Pale Puffy-faced Protruding umbilicus Protuberant tongue Enlarged fontanelle, delayed dentition, retarded bone age
adrenoleukodystrophy
Very long chain fatty acid buildup in CNS, adrenals, and testes. X-linked, presents in young men.
Dactinomycin
Used in young kids to treat: Ewing sarcoma, Rhabdomyosarcoma, and Wilms
Dexrazoxane
iron chelator used to prevent cardiotoxicity from doxorubicin or daunorubucin
DiGeorge Syndrome
3rd and 4th pharyngeal pouch failure. Congenital t-cell deficiency, cleft palate, often fatal cardiac defects. No thymus or parathyroid glands, hypocalcemic. 22q11.2
4 types of thyroid carcinoma
Papillary
Follicular
Medullary
Anaplastic
Bartter syndrome
Autosomal recessive, defect in Na/K/Cl cotransporter in thick ascending limb, causes salt and water wasting
San Joaquin Valley Fever
Coccidiomycosis – “desert rheumatism”
tetrodotoxin
pufferfish venom, Na channel blocker
Brugada syndrome
genetic disorder of cardiac Na channels, ventricular tachyarrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Autosomal dominant, Asian males. St elevation, negative T-wave. Treat with an implanted defibrillator.
Fitz-Hugh Curtis syndrome
perihepatitis, infection of the liver capsule and peritoneal surfaces of the anterior right upper quadrant from Neisseria and Chlamydia spp. Acute symptoms manifest as a patchy purulent and fibrinous exudate known as “violin string” adhesions.
Floroquinolones target…?
Topoisomerase II and IV. Enters via porins.
Lupus affiliated drugs
SHIPP-E: Sulfa drugs, Hydralazine, Isoniazid, Procainamide, Phenytoin, Etanercept
Ezetemibe
LDL reducer, inhibits chol abs in intestine. Hepatotx and diarrhea
