From Environmental assesment of products (W1997) Flashcards
How was a sustainable development defined in 1987?
” A development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs,”
Which parameters where included in the sustainable development in 1987?
- The material resources, non-renewable and renewable.
- Biological diversity and genetic resources.
- The health of the environment in which our own and future generations must live.
Which compounds are especially feared in relation to acidification?
Sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and ammonia (NH4).
What are one of the biggest issues related to chemicals?
That very little or nothing is known about the behavior of most used chemicals in the natural environment.
When came the first ISO standard on LCA?
1996
What is the only thing that can not vary when during environmental assessment?
The functional unit
What three factors comprise the impact for an emission?
Impact= quantity * impact potential * exposure
How is an exchange with the environment defined?
- As an input to a process
- An output from a process
- internal interaction with an operator (worker)
How is environmental assessment of products defined?
To assess a product environmentally is: to define and quantify the services provided by the product, to identify and to quantify the environmental exchanges caused by the way in which the service is provided, and to ascribe these exchanges and their potential impacts to the service.
How many phases does the EPID method contain?
four main phases:
- Goal definition
- Scope definition
- Inventory
- Impact assessment
What is trade offs?
When an alternative lowers impacts in one impact category but increases the impact of another.
In which three areas does almost all impacts have consequences?
loss of habitats, loss of species and loss of economic and cultural values.
Which 3 generel impact categories and which 3 geographical categories are included in the EDIP method?
Generel categories of impact:
- Environmental impacts (eq. global warming, ozone depletion, acidification, human tox from air or water.)
- Resource impacts (eg. fossil fuel, metals, water consumption).
- Impact on the working environment. (eg. cancer from chemicals, injuries or damage due to noise, chemicals etc.)
There main categories are further devided in three in terms of geographic extent:
- Global impacts
- Regional impacts
- Local imoacts
Can a substance contribute to several impacts?
Yes, eg toluene contributing to global warming, photochemical ozone formation, human tox and ecotox.
This book (w1997) describes what assessment method?
The EDIP method (a Scandinavian impacts assessment method, it stand from standard international practice only because it includes the working environment, otherwise its in agreement with international practice.
