From DNA to proteins

Question 1

kDa

Answer 1

KiloDaltons, 100 atomic mass units. One Dalton is the mass of and H atom, or 1/12 of a carbon atom

Question 2

S

Answer 2

Svedberg unit - mass and shape of cellular organelles

Question 3

code is

Answer 3

degenerate, but unambiguous
almost universal
non-overlapping without punctuation

Question 4

factors initiating gene expression

Answer 4

transcription factor, find their way into specific sequences 5’ of the 1st exon (promoter)
transcription complex forms
helix opens, DNA strand separation
RNA POL II starts building mRNA

Question 5

factors turning off expression

Answer 5

activation of repressors (inhibitors of RNA polymerase binding
each step of RNA transcription or processing finds no longer actively produced transcription and processing proteins
complexes do not form anymore for lack of phosphorylation
enzymes no longer activated
RNA stability