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Art History > From Court to Republic in Northern Europe > Flashcards

From Court to Republic in Northern Europe Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe the Dutch Identity

A

-Urban Society

(60% city-dwellers)

-Economic Powerhouse

(traders and bankers)

-Moral Community

(believed that they were ‘appointed by God’)

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2
Q

Three types of painting used to depict Dutch identity

A

-Landscape

(harmony and anxiety - peaceful landscape,rough maritime)

-Still life

(Wealth, abundance and vanitas - Earthly impermanence)

-Portraits

(Family, Children, Civic groups, Awareness of individual)

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3
Q

Qualities of Genre Painting?

A

-instill moral virtue

  • elevate the everyday
  • Cleanliness = clean character
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4
Q

Vermeer characteristics

A

-Genre scenes

  • Sillness
  • Ambiguity (dispenses narrative)
  • subtle use of palette with some bright clocks
  • psychological insight (idea of intruding on intimate scene)
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5
Q

Landscape

A

-Aelbert Cuyp, The Large Dort, 1650

  • Landscape symbolises harmony and success of nation
  • cows (wealth), windmills (economic powerhouse, women pouring milk, watched by child, Church of Dordrecht, light through clouds: appointed by God
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6
Q
A

-Backhuysen, Ships in Distress off a Rocky Coast, 1667

  • Represents national anxiety and hope
  • Light - God will save them
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7
Q
A

Avercamp, Ice Scene, 1608

  • Diverse and inclusive society: young and old, wealthy and poor
  • Sharing hardships of cold
  • Balace: work and leisure

NB. 17C sever winters

NB. Avercamp death and dumb, yet flourished

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8
Q
A

Jan Davidz. de Heem, Still Life with Parrots, late 1640s

  • exoticism and luxury - earthy impermamence
  • Parrots (exotic - international trade) abundance of food - will rot, Lobsters (instability) oysters (sexual excess)
  • Manmade objects - man’s achievements: goblets, drapes
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9
Q
A

-Mytens, The Family of Willem van den Kerckhoven, 1655

  • (leading statesman)
  • embodies fertile and harmonious marriage
  • Father centre, gesture to son (heir), mother coordinating dress
  • grapes and flowers - fertility
  • cherubs - commemorate dead children
  • horse and slave in background - wealth
  • harmonious facilities = harmonious republic
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10
Q
A

-Frans Hals, Charlotte Hooft with her Nurse,

-New generation to continue legacy of new nation

Child is a visual trophy: represent parents’ success

  • Nurse enforces child’s status
  • Visual contrasts: simple vs. detail, old vs. young
  • sitters gazing outDefinition
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11
Q

Frans Hals characteristics

A

Bold brushstrokes

-Informal poses, direct gaze, gesture with confidence, express mood and character

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12
Q
A

Rembrandt

  • embodies civic duty and care
  • scene of action: stress active duties over ceremonial function
  • flashes of light and dark, detail, movement
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13
Q

About Rembrandt

A

-Protestant

  • Personal beliefs pervade his work (and -sense of artist)
  • Body not idealized like Renaissance
  • Viewers sympathises – psychological depth
  • Timelessness
  • Wife features heavily in his art
  • History paintings
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14
Q
A

van der Helst, Banquet of the Amsterdam Crossbowmen’s Guild in Celebration of the Peace of Munster, 1648

  • civic militia - protect and keep ordered nation
  • symbolic of peace: handshake, passing horn
  • Hierarchy - more central, more importance
  • 25 painted individuals - static quality - no real interaction
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15
Q
A

-Jan Steen, as the Old Sing so Pipe the Young, 1665-8

  • Parents’ actions will influence children
  • Family united in baptismal feast
  • Parrots - symbol of mimicry
  • Mother laid-back, open bodice, getting another glass
  • Father letting son try pipe and laughing
  • Son playing the pipe (alluding to title)
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16
Q
A

-Jan Vermeer, Woman Holding a Balance, 1662-3.

  • Balance - earthly vs. religious contemplation
  • jewels - symbolic of earthly luxuries
  • domestic sphere
17
Q

History Painting

A

-Bible, history, myth – education required (for symbols and histories) -Employed to articulate identity and success, divine purpose behind nation’s destiny

18
Q
A

-Rembrandt, The Descent from the Cross , 1633

  • Same and Rubens: Christ’s body illuminate others
  • Different: no dignity, Christ in agony, approachable drama – mourners more human and individualised
  • Rubens (1612) - heightened emotion, all holding christs body
19
Q

Dutch Legacy: foreign influence

A
  • Tradition of English landscape – thanks to Dutch
  • French transform still life: provoke thought not virtue - Concentrate on essence of thing rather than symbolic meaning
  • Goya - Characterisation and psychological truth
20
Q

What were the three ‘space’ depicted in Dutch society?

A

-Institutional: Religious and Civic (town hall)

  • Communal: Markets, squares, streets
  • Domestic: Courtyards (cleanliness )
  • NB. Women involvement
21
Q
A

Gerard Houckgeest, Ambulatory of the New Church in Delft, c.1651

  • political-religious meaning: tomb of William the Orange (reminder of fight for independence)
  • work of perspective mastery
22
Q
A

Jan van der Heyden, Amsterdam City View, c.1670.

-Clean, architecture maintained and water fresh and still

23
Q
A

Gerrit Berckheyde, Dam Square in Amsterdam, 1668.

  • symbol of international trade - market next to harbour (trade), first currency exchange bank
  • town hall - virtuous govt, civic duty and charity
  • communal space (women, men children)
24
Q
A

an Steen, A Burgher of Delft and his Daughter, 1655.

  • picture of prosperity and social duty
  • daughter - dress = symbol of world vanity
  • Burgher contemplation whether to grant charity to poor deserving mother and child
  • Old Church of Delft in background
25
Q
A

Gabriel Metsu, The Vegetable Market, c.1675. - Painting of market on canal provide more accurate view of urban life and lesson on Dutch identity -chaos - hustle and bustle

  • Merchant and customer haggling
  • The focus of veg reflect national pride
26
Q
A

Pieter de Hooch, Courtyard of a House in Delft, 1658.

  • Order of this is threatened by outside forces and nature
  • Mistress has back to us contemplating – looking onto window of other house another haven of public life
27
Q
A
28
Q
A

Nicolaes Maes, The Eavesdropper, 1657

  • Dinner party, maid seduced by guest (immoral conduct –private interactions, public implications)
  • Eavesdropper mediates public and private spheres, positioned at centre - Looking at us, viewers invited in
  • Spheres represented by street through door
29
Q
A

Pieter de Hooch, A Mother’s Duty, c.1658-60.

  • Mother de-lousing child (common 17C activity)
  • Children clean – citizens of the nation
  • Tranquillity and house cleaning: Gleaming floors
  • Outer sunlight

Art History (6 decks)

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