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structural geology 308 > from class notes > Flashcards

from class notes Flashcards

1
Q

movement is parallel to the dip of the fault

A

strike slip and dip slip

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2
Q

fault movement that has strike slip and dip slip components

A

oblique slip fault

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3
Q

the overlying surface of an inclined fault plane

A

hanging wall

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4
Q

the underlying surface of an inclined fault plane

A

footwall

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5
Q

a fault where the hanging wall has moved down relative to the footwall

A

normal fault

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6
Q

a fault where the hanging wall has moved up relative to the footwall

A

reverse fault

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7
Q

a reverse fault with a low angle fault plane dip (<30*)

A

thrust fault

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8
Q

all ____ faults are ____ faults,
but not all ____ faults are ____ faults

A

thrust, reverse
reverse, trust

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9
Q

compotency

A

relative resistance to flow of adjacent rocks

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10
Q

_____ competency is more resistant to folding

A

high

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11
Q

_____ compotency is less resistant to folding

A

low

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12
Q

fissure

A

wide extensional fracture

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13
Q

shear fracture

A

movement parallel to fracture plane

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14
Q

extensional fracture

A

motion perpendicular to fracture plane

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15
Q

veins

A

filled in joints or fractures

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16
Q

fault

A

fracture with significant movement

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17
Q

fractures with very little or no displacement parallel to fracture and only slight displacement perpendicular to fracture plane

A

joint

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18
Q

slickens

A

linear fractures due to motion along a fault

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19
Q

smooth, shiny fault surface

A

slickenSIDES

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20
Q

fine lines on fault surface

A

slickenLINES

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21
Q

slickenlines due to mineral growth along fault plane

A

slickenFIBERS (or crystal fiber lineations)

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22
Q

klippe

A

“cliff”

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23
Q

nappe

A

“paper, sheet”

24
Q

material/bedding in a fault that has significantly moved

A

allochthon

25
Q

material/bedding in a fault that has NOT significantly moved

A

autochthon

26
Q

feaster or “window”

A

a place in the fault that has been eroded enough to see the autochthonous material

27
Q

decollement (day-clum-aw)

A

lowest most fault

28
Q

points slide along one fault and then break into three faults

A

imbricate fan

29
Q

points slide along one fault and then break into three parts of the fault and meet back together

A

duplex

30
Q

consistent vein direction shows direction of sigma __ during deposition or deformation

A

sigma 3

31
Q

tensional fractures are perpendicular to

A

sigma 3

32
Q

asmuth is calculated by

A

subtracting from 360 based on direction of movement (N,S,E,W)

33
Q

bisects the acute angle between the conjugate faults (at 90* from sigma 2)

A

sigma 1

34
Q

the pole to the plane containing sigma 1 and sigma 3

A

sigma 2

35
Q

along the intersection of conjugate faults or fractures

A

sigma 2

36
Q

pole to plane

A

match plane on stereonet to find pole, observe plunge

37
Q

the wedge of material in the acute angle that moves inward along sigma 1

A

sense of slip

38
Q

a down fallen block due to faults on either side

A

graben or “ditch”

39
Q

upthrown block due to faults on either side

A

horst or “retreat”

40
Q

commonly seen with one another

A

grabens and horsts

41
Q

faults on either side where both faults dip in the same direction

A

half graben

42
Q

starts steeper at the surface and progressively gets shallower

A

listric fault

43
Q

a lateral strike slip component that leaves a shelf

A

tear fault

44
Q

where is the axial plane?

A

straight down through the fold

45
Q

ramp

A

steeply cuts across bedding

46
Q

to break apart and come back together (ex: braided stream)

A

anastomizing

47
Q

refers to things bending as they go from one material to another

A

refraction

48
Q

crenulations

A

wave like layers

49
Q

more likely to be parallel to the axial plane than high compotency layers

A

low compotency layers

50
Q

are more common perpendicular to the axial plane

A

higher compotency layers

51
Q

sausage links

A

boudins

52
Q

maximum strengthening and stretching

A

sigma 1

53
Q

minimum strengthening and stretching

A

sigma 3

54
Q

pancake shaped

A

oblique

55
Q

cigar shaped

A

prolate

structural geology 308 (2 decks)

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