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Psychology of Child Development > From a cell to a person > Flashcards

From a cell to a person Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the 3 stages of development

A
  1. germinal stage
  2. embryonic stage
  3. fetal stage
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2
Q

when is the germinal stage

A

0-2 weeks

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3
Q

what happens in germinal stage

A
  1. cell division 24-36 hours
  2. zygotę moves to uterus
  3. placenta begins to form
  4. blastocyst implants in uterus wall
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4
Q

when is embryonic stage

A

3-8 weeks

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5
Q

what happens in embryonic stage

A
  1. differentiation and migration
  2. organs develop, heart starts beating
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6
Q

when is fetal stage

A

9 weeks to birth

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7
Q

what are human sex cells called

A

gametes

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8
Q

how many chromosomes do human sex cells have

A

23 pairs

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9
Q

T or F gametes are haploid cells formed during meiosis

A

T

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10
Q

what sex cell determines the sex of the baby

A

sperm

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11
Q

what are monozygotic twins

A

identical, share all dna

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12
Q

what are dizygotic twins

A

fraternal, share half dna

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13
Q

how many dna do semi identical twins share

A

3/4

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14
Q

what is the ratio of m:f embryos at conception

A

50:50

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15
Q

T or F males are more likely to be miscarried or receive caesarean birth

A

T

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16
Q

which stage is the neural tube (CNS) developed

A

embryonic stage

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17
Q

at what point can the fetus cry breathe and swallow

A

by the 7th month

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18
Q

at what point does the foetus have a good chance of survival if born

A

28 weeks onwards

19
Q

T or F areas near the head develop earlier than those farther away

A

T

20
Q

four main developmental processes

A
  1. division
  2. migration
  3. differentiation
  4. cell death
21
Q

what is cell division

A

mitosis

22
Q

what is migration

A

cells move from their origin to different location in the embryo

23
Q

what is cell differentiation

A

cell begins life as stem cells, they have the potential to develop into any type of cell

24
Q

what is cell death

A

apoptosis

25
Q

example of cell death

A

hand plate cells are programmed to die

26
Q

what is amniotic sac

A

membrane filled with clear water fluid

27
Q

what is the purpose of amniotic sac

A

allows foetus to move in gravity free environment and provides cushioning and constant temperature

28
Q

what is the placenta

A

temporary organ that performs actions baby can’t do itself

29
Q

what does the placenta do

A

produces hormones

30
Q

what is placenta made of

A

semi permeable membrane

31
Q

what can pass through placenta

A

oxygen, nutrition, alcohol, co2 waste, nicotine

32
Q

brain size at birth % of full adult size

A

25%

33
Q

what risks do premature birth propose

A
  1. physical
  2. cognitive
  3. clinical
34
Q

what is perinatal period

A

before and after birth

35
Q

at what point does fetes begin to move

A

5-6 weeks simple spontaneous movement 12 weeks most movements at birth will be present

36
Q

what point does baby start to swallow

A

10-11 weeks

37
Q

when does baby start to breathe

A

10 weeks

38
Q

what is habituation

A

an infant shows a decrease in response to stimulus after it is repeated several times

39
Q

what was the goal of habituation protocol (Lecanuett)

A

to study how infants process and respond to stimuli, and their ability to differentiate between familiar and new stimuli

40
Q

example of habituation protocol

A

an infant is repeatedlt exposed to particular stimulus (e.g. sound or visual pattern). Over time, the infants response (like looking time or heart rate) decreases as they become habituated

41
Q

what was the aim of conditioning protocol Decasper and spence

A

tested whether newborns could learn to change their behaviour based on sounds

42
Q

what is operant conditioning?

A

learning process where an individual learns to associate a behaviour with a consequence. babies learn to control a sounnd like a voice by sucking pattern

43
Q

how did the conditioning protocol work in Decasper and spence study?

A

babies were given a dummy connected to a device that controlled playback of a recorded voice. if the baby sucked on the dummy in a specific way it would trigger the playback of their mothers voice

Psychology of Child Development (2 decks)

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