Friuli Flashcards
Why is Fruili considered a birthplace of modern Italian wine making?
In the late 1960s a small group of inspired producer began crafting clean fresh and fruity white wines
What’s the name of the sweet wines that Friuli is historically renowned for
Picolit, Ramandolo
What are 4 principal topographical belts of Fruili
The alp and prealps
The eastern hills
Cental plain
The lower coastal plain
Where is the highest annual rainfall
Where plains meet alps
What is Bora and how it influences Friuli?
Bora is a cold Winter wind from the East. With Alpine air and air movement and inland see breezes it results in reducing humidity, and mitigating summer heat as of which results is slow and even maturation
What are principal rivers of friuli
Livenza, Tagliamento, Isonzo, Natisone
What are 3 piece of principle soil types
Sand clay and gravel
sand stone and Marl
limestone plateau
Sand clay and gravel
-plains(high central, low coastal)
-high: extremely permeable due to high gravel/sand content
-low: fertile, less drained, high content of clay
-represent deposit left by glacier
Sandstone and calcareous marl
-eastern hills
- flisch of cormons/ponca
-35-55 mil years ago- when covered by seawater
-distinctive alternating layers of sandstone and mar
Ponca soil
Easterm fruili, alternating layers of sandstone and marl
Limestone plateau
Southeastern corner
- adriatic sea and slovenia,
- carso
-layered with iron rich sand and clay
That’s Fruili have more red or white plantings
Say percentage
White -more than 70%
Red-less than 30%
Which International varieties represent fruili (country and grapes)
France- PG, PB, CH, SB, M, CF (grew before phylloxera)
Germany- Blaufränkisch, Riesling, Welchsrieling
Slovenia- Vitovska, Terrano, Malvasia Istriana
Name vine training system and where are they used in Fruili
Sylvoz & Casarsa - plains
Cappucina & Guyot- hills and Fruili Isorzo DOC
Alberello- ribolla giala and vitovska
Who stands behing white wine revolution in Fruili
Mario Schiopetto
Who is behind introduction of super whites and what are those ?
Producer Jermann
Blend of native and international whites
History of wine industry ( doc igt docg) producers vs cooperatives)
Before 1960 - bulk wine
Now- 4 DOCG , 12 DOC (more than 40% production) redt IGT
Family owned small to medium size producers - average holding 2.5 ha
What are 3 main sub-regions of Fruili
Central plains
Coastal plains
Eastern fruili
Which appelations and expceptions decided not to add ‘Fruili’to their name
DOCs of Collio and Carso
Lison DOCG and Lison-Ramaggiore DOC and Prosecco ( interregional)
Soils of Fruili Grave DOC
-most - alluvial plain
-gravel and sands worh high limestone content
-North- more gravel, south- finer texture (high sand , silt, clay)
-well drained - irrigation necessary
- reflect light
Grapes in Fruili grave doc
Mostly reds
Main- merlot
-CF; Refrosco, CS
Whites- Fruilano, PB, PG, CH, SB
Where is Lison DOCG and what grape ot grows?
Interregional- Veneto and Fruili
Between tagliamento and livenza river
Perdonone
Fruilano
What is the name of Collio on Slovenian part
BRDA
Soils of Collio
Layers of Sandstone and calcarious marls- ponca /flysch of Cormons
What is ronchi
-well exposed often terraced sites
-used for names of estates, vineyard s, wines
Is collio mostly red or white appellation?
Name the grapes
White, 80%
Widely planted- PG
SB, Friulano
Ribolla Gialla, malvasia istriana, Ch,PB
Name most well known historic subzone of Collio DOC
Capriva
San Floriano del Collio
Oslavia( historic home of Ribolla gialla)
Which subzone is historic zone for Ribolla Gialla
Oslavia
Whats the name of benchmark white blend of Collio and which grapes it includes
COLLIO BIANCO
Friulano, Malviasia, Ribolla Gialla, Ch, S, PB, PG
Friulano in Collio
Full- flavoired, mediul to full bodied, perfumed
Herbal and grassy, stone fruit, almond finish
Ribolla Gialla in Collio
Light bodied
Floral, citrus, mineral,
Acquires intensity, depth, great complexity when produced using sking maceration
SB in Collio
Bright acid, exotic richness, mineral,
Hints of thyme, sage and tomato leaf
PG in Collio
Similiar to Alsatian PG
Malvasia in Collio
Floral, pear and stone fruit, honeyed
How lomg does have to age w/r reserva wines in Collio
W- 20 months
R-30 months
How Julius Ceasar influenced Colli Orientali
Founded the city of Forum Iulli
It was ceasars legionaries that upon retirement, became farmers and developed vineyards there
What the name Colli Orientali means and why
‘Eastern hills’- location- eastern foothils of pre alps, borders fruili grave and collio docs
Climate of colli orientali
More continental and cooloer, position further away from adriatic sea
Most wideli planted grape in colli orientali
Friulano
Followed by S, PG, Verduzzo, PB, RG
Red wine production of Colli orientali
-southern area- Buttrio, Cividale, Manzano -warmer areas
-native- Refrosco, Schioppetino, Tezzalange, Pignolo
-international- M,CF, CS, PN
Name 4 subzone of colli orientali and their local grapes
Cialla- Ribolla gialla; verduzo fruilano, refrosco, schioppetino
Rosazzo- pignolo; ribolla gialla
Faedis- refrosco nostrano
Prepotto- schioppetino
Grapes of cialla
Ribolla gialla, verduzzo friulano
Refrosco; schioppettino
Grapes of rosazzo
Pignolo
Ribolla giala
Grapes of faedis
Refosco nostrano
Grapes of prepotto
Schioppetino
Min aging requirements for r/w reserva of colli orientali
Min 2 y
Name 4 DOCG of Fruilli
Lison
Rosazzo
Picolit
Ramandolo
Who was acredited for modern day fame of Picolit
Count Fabio Asquini
Who saved picolit from disappearance in 20th cent
Perusini family
Production of Picolit grape in picolit docg
Appasimento
Min 85% picolit
Aged min 1 year
Use of small oak common
Notes of picolit at picolit docg
Deep yellow to golden
Honey, white flowers; citrus, dried fruit, apricot; vanilla
Lighly sweet- decidedlly sweet
Medium to high alc, long finish, high acid,
Vino da meditazione- wine to sip alone
Subzone of picolit docg
CIALLA
-classic subzone
-stricter production requrement; higher alc
-100% picolit
- aged min 2 y
-Riserva - only allowed for Cialla, min 4 y aging
What was the first appelation in fruili to become docg
Ramandolo
Where is ramandolo
Norrheastern part
Udine
Hamlet of ramandolo and communed of nimis and tarcento
Production of ramandolo in ramandolo docg
Sweet white wines from 100% verduzzo giallo
Late harvesting-extra ripe, shriveling on vines
Appasimento
Notes of ramandolo in ramandolo docg
Deep yellow to gold
Floral, honey, tropical fruits, apricot, almond
Medium to very sweet
Med to high alc, full body, high acid, slightly tannic mounthfeel
Grapes and notes of rosazzo docg
Friulano+SB, PB, CH, RG
Medium to full body,
Floral, nutty and spicy
What are 2 subzone of Friuli isonzo
Rive alte
Rive di giare
Rive alte
Northern or right bank
Red gravel and clay
Less fertile
Gap in northeastern mountain
Best vineyards
Finedt and most concentrated
Can only be used for F, PG; Ch, SB, M
Rive di grave
Southern left bank
Whute gravel limestone sadly loam
Fertile - lighter wines
Can be used only for PG, Malvasia Istrina, Refrosco, Merlot
Carso Doc- location
Borderkng slovenia and facing gulf of trieste
Provinces gorzia and trieste
Soil of carso and vinegrowing
Extremely bared rugged and arid landscape
Limestone plateau
Vines grow alongside olive trees, small plots on the coast and terraced vineyards
What is the name of terraced vineyards in carso
pastini
200-500m
Topsoils of carso
Very thin and nonexistent and often need to be transported
Poor in nutrients
Iron rich red rocks, clay, chalk, limestone
Climate of carso
Mediterranean and continental influences
Strong influence of bora
What makes wines of carso distinctive
Mineral salt character
Which local grapes is carso known for
Vitovska
Terrano
Carso/carso rosso (grape, historic home)
70%terrano
Classsic designstion- Trieste, Sgonico, Monrupino, Duino- Aurisina
The most common single varietals of carso
Malvasia Istriana
Refrosco dal Penducolo
Which techniques of making wine are employed in carso
Skin contact, fermentation in open vats/amphorae/barell, barrel fermentation and aging
Reserva labeling in carso ( aging)
White-20m
Red- 24 m
Which grape can be produced only in spumante versions in Fruili DOC
Ribolla Gialla
Which province in Fruili is entitled to a specific designation under Proseco DOC
Trieste
Prosecco trieste DOC
