FREUD’S MODEL OF PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT (PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES) Flashcards
This is the first psychosexual stage in which the infant’s source of id gratification is the mouth. Infant gets pleasure from sucking and swallowing.
Pleasure from oral stimulation – tasting and sucking.
PROBLEMS/FIXATION: Dependency or aggression; Problems with drinking, smoking, eating, nail biting.
ORAL STAGE (0 TO 18 MONTHS)
During this stage, a child becomes aware of correct bowel control. It reflects the toddlers need for gratification along the rectal area which is eliminating/retaining feces.
PROBLEMS/FIXATION: Anal-expulsive (messy, careless, disorganized, and prone to emotional outbursts.) vs. Anal-retentive (stingy and stubborn, has a compulsive need for order and neatness, and might be considered a perfectionist)
ANAL STAGE (18 MONTHS TO 3 YEARS)
Freud’s third stage of psychosexual development, corresponding to the age when children become aware of their bodies and recognize the differences between boys and girls. The erogenous zone in this stage is the genitals. Conflict arises when the child feels a desire for the opposite-sex parent, and jealousy and hatred toward the same-sex parent.
PHALLIC STAGE (3 TO 6 YEARS OLD)
involving a boy’s desire for his mother and his urge to replace his father who is seen as a rival for the mother’s attention. At the same time, the boy is afraid his father will punish him for his feelings, so he experiences castration anxiety. The Oedipus complex is successfully resolved when the boy begins to identify with his father as an indirect way to have the mother. Failure to resolve the Oedipus complex may result in fixation and development of a personality that might be described as vain and overly ambitious.
Oedipus Complex
Carl Jung proposed the Electra complex as an extension of Freud’s theory of sexual development, specifically addressing the process in girls (during the phallic stage, aged three to six). A girl desires the attention of her father and wishes to take her mother’s place. Jung also said that girls are angry with the mother for not providing them with a penis—hence the term penis envy. However, girls experience a phenomenon known as penis envy, which relates to the idea of castration.
Electra complex
Sexual interest is relatively inactive in this stage Sexual energy is going through the process of sublimation and is being converted into interest in schoolwork, riding bicycles playing house and sports.
LATENCY STAGE (6 TO 11 YEARS OLD)
This refers to the start of puberty and genital stage; there is renewed interest in obtaining sexual pleasure through the genitals. Masturbation often becomes frequent and leads to orgasm for the first time. Sexual and romantic interests in others also become a central motive.
Interest now turns to heterosexual relationships. The lesser fixation the child has in earlier stages, the more chances of developing a “normal” personality, and thus develops healthy meaningful relationships with those of the opposite sex.
GENITAL STAGE (11 YEARS ON)
This is named after the Greek god for love. Eros includes the sex drives and drives such as hunger and thirst.
Eros
This is named after Greek god for death. This includes not only striving for death but also destructive motives such as hostility and aggression. These drives highly influence the personality of a person
Thanatos
