FREUD AND VOCAB Flashcards
Define Psychology
Psychology is the science of behavior and mind, embracing all aspects of conscious and unconscious experience as well as thought.
Define Behaviour
The way in which one acts or conducts oneself especially towards others
Define Cognitive activity
Cognition has to do with how a person understands the world and acts in it. It is the set of mental abilities or processes that are part of nearly every human action while we are awake. Cognitive abilities are brain-based skills we need to carry out any task from the simplest to the most complex
Define Theory
System of ideas intended to explain something, especially one based on general principles
Define Basic Research
The term basic research refers to study and research that is meant to increase our scientific knowledge base. This type of research is often purely theoretical with the intent of increasing our understanding of certain phenomena or behavior but does not seek to solve or treat these problems.
Define Introspection
the examination or observation of one’s own mental and emotional processes.
Define Structuralism
sought to analyze the adult mind (defined as the sum total of experience from birth to the present) in terms of the simplest definable components and then to find the way in which these components fit together in complex forms.
Define Functionalism
psychological philosophy that considers mental life and behaviour in terms of active adaptation to the person’s environment. … Functionalism arose in the U.S. in the late 19th century as an alternative to structuralism.
Define Behaviourism
the theory that human and animal behavior can be explained in terms of conditioning, without appeal to thoughts or feelings, and that psychological disorders are best treated by altering behavior patterns.
Define Evolutionary
Evolutionary psychology is a theoretical approach to psychology that attempts to explain useful mental and psychological traits—such as memory, perception, or language—as adaptations, i.e., as the functional products of natural selection
Define Humanist
An advocate or follower of the principles of humanism.
Define Psychoanalysis
A system of psychological theory and therapy that aims to treat mental disorders by investigating the interaction of conscious and unconscious elements in the mind and bringing repressed fears and conflicts into the conscious mind by techniques such as dream interpretation and free association.
Define Biological Perspective
The biological perspective is a way of looking at psychological issues by studying the physical basis for animal and human behavior. It is one of the major perspectives in psychology and involves such things as studying the brain, immune system, nervous system, and genetics
Define Psychoanalysis
a system of psychological theory and therapy that aims to treat mental disorders by investigating the interaction of conscious and unconscious elements in the mind and bringing repressed fears and conflicts into the conscious mind by techniques such as dream interpretation and free association.
Define Psychoanalytic perspective
The theory of personality developed by Freud that focuses on repression and unconscious forces and includes the concepts of infantile sexuality, resistance, transference, and division of the psyche into the id, ego, and superego.
Define social learning theory
The view that people learn by observing others. Associated with Albert Bandura’s work in the 1960s, social learning theory explains how people learn new behaviors, values, and attitudes.
Define Developmental perspective
Infancy and childhood are marked by major changes in motor development, cognitive development, social development, and maturation. Motor skills develop as infants follow a trajectory that leads from rolling over to sitting, from crawling to walking.
Define sociocultural perspective
one approach to understanding why humans behave the way they do. The sociocultural perspective seeks to understand human behavior and personality development by examining the rules of the social groups and subgroups in which the individual is a member.
Define Scientific Method
The scientific method is a standardized way of making observations, gathering data, forming theories, testing predictions, and interpreting results. Researchers make observations in order to describe and measure behavior.
Define Experimental research
The experimental method involves manipulating one variable to determine if changes in one variable cause changes in another variable. This method relies on controlled methods, random assignment and the manipulation of variables to test a hypothesis
Define Non Experimantal research
means there is a predictor variable or group of subjects that cannot be manipulated by the experimenter. Typically, this means that other routes must be used to draw conclusions, such as correlation, survey or case study.
