Freud Flashcards
“father of psychology”
wilhem wundt
student of Wundt; founder of introspection; introduces structuralism
eb titchener
founder of functionalism; influenced by darwin; taught mary whiton calkins when women were not allowed to earn PhD from Harvard
william james
founder of psychoanalysis; felt mental problems rooted from childhood conflict
sigmund freud
structuralism
introduced by titchener; early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the elemental structure of the human mind
functionalism
introduced by james; school of psychology focusing on how mental and behavioral processes function
introspection
used by titchener; the examination of one’s own mental/emotional processes
psychoanalysis
introduced by freud; a broad theory of personality and a method of therapy
sexual/life/eros
aggressive/death/thanatos
2 instincts and drives
unconscious
part of personality that is tough to reach
preconscious
part of personality that is accessible; stored memories
conscious
part of personality that is immediate thoughts; right now
superego
“the brakes”; morals, ethics, rules, and norms
ego
result of id/superego battle; operates on “reality principle”
id
“the gas pedal”; wishes, desires, hopes, and fantasies; operates on the “pleasure principle”
repression
defense mechanism that banishes anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories from consciousness
-not remembering traumatic event
defense mechanisms
the ego’s protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality
regression
defense mechanism in which an individual faced with anxiety retreats to a more infantile psychosexual stage, where some psychic energy remains fixated
-going to mom whenever problem arises
reaction formation
defense mechanism by which ego unconsciously switches unacceptable impulses into their opposites
-bad, reluctant mother then becomes overindulgent and overly loving
projection
defense mechanism by which people disguise their own threatening impulses by attributing them to others
-guy who can’t gossips a lot blames other people for being the gossiper
rationalization
defense mechanism that offers self-justifying explanations in place of the real, more threatening reasons for one’s actions
-telling yourself it’s okay to get so angry because you had a good reason
displacement
defense mechanism that shifts sexual or aggressive impulses toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person, as when redirecting anger toward a safer outlet
-punching wall when getting angry
sublimation
defense mechanism by which people re-channel their unacceptable impulses into socially-approved activities
-writing a song about a heartbreak
denial
defense mechanism by which people refuse to believe or even to perceive painful realities
-saying you’re fine to not talk about a traumatic event
erogenous zone
areas of the body with heightened sensitivity which may arouse pleasure
fixation
a lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage, in which conflicts were unresolved
oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital
5 names of Freud’s psychosexual stages
oral
experiencing world through mouth stage
anal
bowel and bladder elimination stage
phallic
stage where children develop unconscious desires for parent of opposite sex and feeling of jealous hatred for rival same sex parent
latency
repression of earlier stage conflict occurs’ development of defense mechanisms stage
genital
stage where maturation of sexual interest and intimacy arise
traumatic experiences in childhood
unresolved conflict in early psychosexual stages
explanation of abnormal behavior, according to freud
projective tests
interpretation of ambiguous stimuli, used in assessment and treatment of symptoms
drawing completion tests
ink blot test
TATs
3 projective tests
free assosication
saying freely whatever comes to mind
dream analysis
road to unconscious
hypnosis
and intense focus in which the person is vulnerable to suggestion
insight
catharsis
transference
3 goals and features of psychoanalytic therapy
insight
moment of awareness of the problem; “a-ha” phenomenon
catharsis
an emotional release associated with traumatic memories or repressed impulses
i.e. crying
transference
unconscious feeling of love or hate projected onto the analyst
life-changing results in some cases
causes; not just symptoms
sparks interest in field
3 strengths of psychoanalysis
cost
time
unscientific
lack of clinical studies for support
4 weaknesses of psychanalysis
