Freshwater Final Review Flashcards
1
Q
What are the 2 conditions needed for lake overturns?
A
Uniform temperature and wind
1
Q
A
2
Q
What % of plants cause become invasive and become problems?
A
1 %
3
Q
What algae has 8, 16 or 32 cells
A
Pandorina
3
Q
What are accessory pigments and what color are the pigments?
A
Accessory pigment are used for photosynthesis for low light levels.
Pigment colors : red and brown
4
Q
What is the main source of acid rain?
A
Fossil Fuels
5
Q
What is adhesion?
A
The ability of water to attach to another surface
6
Q
Which algae can clog the gills of young fish and suffocate them?
A
Volvox
7
Q
Which aglae has red pigment that can be used turn the water red?
A
Euglena
7
Q
How do algae blooms affect oxygen?
A
Decreases oxygen
8
Q
What is the # 1 most tolerant algae when it comes to pollution?
A
Euglena
8
Q
What is the second most pollution tolerant algae?
A
Oscillatoria
9
Q
What problems does ammonia cause in aquatic ecosystems?
A
Ammonia comes from waste and is toxic to fish
10
Q
What is aquaculture?
A
The raising of aquatic animals for food
Catfish, trout, crayfish
10
Q
This plant can survive in anaerobic soils. What is it called?
A
Hydrophyte
12
Q
What are the steps when assessing water?
A
- Observation
- Algae and insects
- Simple tests like DO, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate pH
- Tests for specific toxinx
13
Q
What are the benefits of native plants?
A
- Provides oxygen
- Helps control erosion
- Nursery for small organisms and fish
- Food
- Spawning
14
Q
What is biocontrol
A
- Fish
- Insects
- Diseases
14
Q
Which algae has a boat shape?
A
Navicula
15
Q
What are the characteristics of bogs:
A
Soggy gound with lichen and moss
16
Q
What is Caddo Lake?
A
Texas’s only natural lake?
16
Q
What is a botanist?
A
An scientist that studies plants
17
Q
What is a carnivore?
A
An animal that eats meat
18
Q
What animal eats carrion (meat)?
A
carnivore
19
What is the formula
Sugar + Oxygen -----\> Carbon Dioxide + Water (releases energy)
20
What are the main sources of chlorine?
Waste water and industry
20
Which algae is a "clean indicator"?
Batrachospermum
21
What are the climax communities of succession
Swamps, bogs, marshes
22
What is cohesion?
The ability of water to stick together and form a drop of water
23
What is a consumer?
An animal that eats other animals or plants?
24
Copepod
25
A lake with a dam is called a?
reservoir
26
Daphnia
28
Which is more dense?
Freshwater or salt water?
Salt Water
28
Which is more dense?
Warm water and cold water?
Cold water
29
What color are diatoms?
Golden brown
yellow
29
Do you have more oxygen in standing water or moving water?
Moving water
30
Where do emergent plants get their nutrients?
Soil
31
What does EPA stand for?
Environmental Protection Agency
31
At what pH do fish die?
pH 3
32
This algae clogs the gills of young fish. What is it?
Vovox
32
Where do free floating plants get their nutrients from?
water
33
What is a term used to describe a free swimming animal in the water?
Nekton
34
What is the plant structure that allows for gas exhcange?
Stomata
35
What are the main minerals found in hard water?
Calcium and Magnesium
35
Who approves herbicides for aquatic ecosystems?
EPA
36
What is a herbicide?
Chemicals used to kill plants
37
Which lake is highly productive?
Oligotrophic, Eutrophic, Mesotrophic
Eutrophic
37
What is a herbivore?
An animal that eats plants?
38
What is a hydric soil?
Soil that is saturated with water until it becomes anaerobic
39
What is a hydrophyte?
An aquatic plant?
Hydro = water
Phyte = plant
39
What do you call a plant that evolves in a specific area?
Native, Indigenous
40
What are other terms for invasive plants?
Exotic, Alien, non-indigenous, invasive
41
What are the characteristics of a lake?
Large and deep
Light penitrates only part of the way down
Water layers according to temperature
42
What type of lake is Lake Lewisville?
Reservoir
43
What is the term used to describe a large plant?
Macrophyte
44
Leech
45
Shallow body of water where light pentrates to the bottom
Pond
46
What is machanical control
1. Hand pulling
2. Cut
3. Chop
4. Shred
5. Slurry
6. Press
7. Remove
46
Which of the following is a MACROPHYTE?
Copepod
Cyprus
Planaria
Seed Shrimp
Cyprus
47
What is a macrophyte?
Large Plant
Macro = large
Phyte = plant
48
What is the management cost due to invasive plants?
30 billion each year
49
What is the management cost for invasive plants?
30 billion
50
What type of plants are found in a marsh?
Grass and sedges
51
What are other terms for native plant?
Indegenous, native
53
What term is used to describe plants that evolve in a specific area?
Native, Indiginous, Native
53
Which of the following is a NEKTON?
Bass
Clam
Snail
shrimp
55
Why is it important to measure nitrate in an aquatic system?
Nitrate is the least toxic of ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate. It is also the form of nitrogen that can be used by plants.
56
What is the purpose of nitrobacter?
Converts nitrite to nitrate
58
What is the purpose of nitrosomonas?
Converts ammonia to nitrite
59
What are three ways plants uptake nutrients?
1. Floating plants and Emergent plants use roots
2. Free Foating use water roots
3. Submergent get nutrients from water
60
What is an omnivore?
An animal that eats plants and animals
61
Open area of a lake
Lemnetic
63
Organisms that are found living in or on the bottom are called?
Benthon
63
Organisms that cling to other animals or plants are called?
Periphyton
64
One lake over turn is called?
Monomictic
66
Two overturns are called?
Dimictic
67
How many overturns to Texas lake have?
One
68
What are the ways aquatic plants get oxgyen?
1. Emergent and Floating plants get oxygen through the stomata -- contact with the atmosphere
2. Submergent plants - from the water
69
what is the range of pH?
0 - 14
70
What is an acid?
1. More hydrogen ions than hydroxide
2. Range 0 - 6
71
What is a base?
1. More hydroxide ions than hydrogen ions
2. Range: 8 - 14
72
What is nutral?
pH 7
73
What is the formula?
Carbon dioxide + Water ----\> Sugar + oxygen (in presence of sunlight)
74
Planaria
74
What is physical control?
1. Dyes
2. lowering water levels
3. Freezing
4. Drying and burning
76
What is the term used to describe a plant library?
Herbarium
76
What are the three ways aquatic plants are support themselves?
1. Emergent plans --- mostly cellulose
2. Floating and Fee Floating ----- water and cellulose
3. Submergent ------- mostly water
77
What is the term used to describe a plant that lives in a water and soil that is anaerobic?
Hyrophyte
78
What is the range of the index number?
1 - 5
1 is least tolerant
5 is most tolerant
79
What are the characteristics of a pond?
Smaller and shallower than a lake
Light pentrates to the bottom
80
What is the % porosity of an terrestrial plant?
2% - 4 %
82
What is the % porosity of aquatic plants?
Up to 60%
83
Power Plants release warm water in to lakes and ponds. What affect does this have on dissolved oxygen?
Decreases oxgyen
84
What are examples of primary producers?
Phytoplankton, Algae, Aquatic Plants
85
Name examples of primary producers
Phytoplankton, algae, aquatic plants, cyprus
86
What are examples of producers?
Plants, algae, phytoplankton
87
This lake is highly productive, lots of plants and animals. It is?
Eutrophic
89
One of your algae can turn the water red. What is it?
Euglena
90
What is running water called?
Lotic
92
Scud
94
Seed Shrimp
96
What is a solute?
The substance dissolved in water
98
What is a solvent?
Water: The Universal Solvent
99
What is the purpose of spikes and projection in algae?
Increase surface area
100
What do you call standing water?
Lentic
102
What is the function of the stomata?
Leaf poor where gas exchange take place
Transpiration takes place here
104
A scientist that studies insects is called?
Entomologist
105
Where would a submergent plant get oxygen?
water
107
What is succession?
The natural aging of a lake
109
What is an example of the use of surface tension
Water striders and beetles that skate across the surface of the water
111
What plants are found in a swamp?
Trees such as cypruss
112
What is the only natural lake in Texas?
Caddo lake
113
What traits of invasives make them so bad for aquatic systems?
1. Grow fast and spread across large areas
2. Reproduce: fragments, seeds, stolens, buds, shoots
3. Survive different temperature, light, water and soil
4. Almost impossible to control once established
115
What is turbidity?
The amount of particulate matter in water that decreases the clarity of water
116
What is a type of diatom that is shaped like a boat?
Navicula
117
What make water a good universal solvent?
it is a polar molecule
118
What do you call someone who manages a waste water treatment plant?
Waste Water Manager
119
What is the term used to describe water saturated soil that was anaerbic?
Hydric Soil
120
What organims are considered decomposers?
Bacteria and fungi
121
Which of the following is NOT submergent?
Watermilfoil
Hydrilla
Chara
duckweed
Duckweed
122
Which algae is the most widely distrubuted?
Scenedesmus
123
What is the most widely distrubuted algae?
Scenedesmus
124
What is a wildlife biologist?
A scientist that studies the BEHAVIORS of animals
125
What is a wildlife Ecologist?
A scientist that studies how animals FIT into the ecosystem
126
The open area of a lake
Lemnetic Zone
127
The bottom cold layer of a lake
Profundal
128
What zone of a lake is shallow, has lots of plants and light penetrates to the bottom?
Littoral Zone
