Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

APES Test No. 3 > Freshwater > Flashcards

Freshwater Flashcards

1
Q

Rivers

A

Where water from rain, snowmelts, or natural springs flows downhill; ultimately all the water flows into a large body of water collecting in a low elevation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Tributary

A

Any small river flowing into a larger one

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Watershed

A

A river’s tributary system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Oxbow

A

A bend in the river that dictates sediment flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Floodplain

A

All the area a river can reach when it swells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Wetlands

A

Areas that blend fresh water and land mass; they are extremely productive and are some of the most important ecosystems we have

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Marshes

A

Where plants grow above the water line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Swamps

A

Marshes contained in forested areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Lakes/Ponds

A

Large standing bodies of water; have different zones of life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Littoral Zone

A

Shoreline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Limnetic Zone

A

How far the sun can penetrate the water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Profundal Zone

A

Where sun stops penetrating the water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Benthic Zone

A

Floor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Oligotrophic

A

Low nutrient, high oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Eutrophic

A

High nutrient, low oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Groundwater

A

When water from rainfall, etc., slowly percolates down the soil column and collects above hard clay; contained within porous layers of rock and sand known as aquifers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Confined Aquifer (Artesian)

A

When water bearing layers of rock, sand, or gravel are trapped between less permeable clay layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Unconfined Aquifer

A

Lacks upper layer of confinement and can be easily recharged and discharged

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Globally, 70% of freshwater is used on _, 20% on _, and 10% on _.

A

Agriculture; industry; residential use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

In the US, 46% of freshwater is used on _, 41% on _, and 13% on _.

A

Industry; agriculture; residential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Dams

A

A nonconsumptive use of water that traps water in a river or stream and then stores it in a reservoir; there are over 45,000 large dams worldwide, and tens of thousands smaller dams; Hoover Dam, Three Gorges Dam

22
Q

Pros of Dams

A 
Power via electricity
Reduced emissions
Drinking water
Flood control
Recreation
23
Q

Cons of Dams

A 
Habitat alteration
Fisheries decline
Population displacement
Sediment capture
No flooding
Risk of Failure
24
Q

Irrigation Issues

A

70% more water is used for irrigation today than in 1960
Irrigation is extremely inefficient - only 45% of the water used for irrigation is actually used by crops
Evaporation loss can account for 80-90% water loss if you water your lawns during home irrigation

25
Q

Sinkholes

A

Areas where the land substrate has been weakened due to ground water loss

26
Q

Desalination Plants

A

Removing salt from saltwater; unfortunately very costly

27
Q

Reducing Agricultural Demand

A

Cut back on industrial agricultural use; use low pressure sprinklers, drip irrigation systems, rain catchment

28
Q

Xeriscaping

A

Using plants in your landscape that are native to your area

29
Q

Aquaponics

A

Using fish waste to grow plants

30
Q

Water Pollution

A 
Nutrient pollution
Pathogens/Waterborne diseases
Toxic chemicals
Sediment
Thermal pollution
31
Q

Point Source Pollution

A

From a single location

32
Q

Non-Point Source Pollution

A

From multiple cumulative sources

33
Q

Groundwater Pollution

A

Very dangerous because it stays in the system for a very long time; example: Alachor concentrations decline by half after 20 days in soil, but in groundwater it takes 4 years

34
Q

Wastewater

A

Any water used by people; sewage, sinks, washing machines, industry, urban runoff, etc.

35
Q

Septic Systems

A

Underground storage tanks that separate oils and water, then flow downhill and decomposes naturally

36
Q

Primary Wastewater Treatment

A

Physical removal of solids, around 60%

37
Q

Secondary Wastewater Treatment

A

Wastewater is aerated and bacteria is added to aid in removal of solid materials; up to 90% of solid material is removed here

38
Q

Texas River Drainage Pattern

A

Dendritic

39
Q

Freshwater makes up _ of the total water on Earth.

A

2.5%

40
Q

Freshwater is 79% _, 20% _, and 1% _.

A

Glaciers; groundwater; surface water

41
Q

Surface water is 52% _, 38% _, 8% _, 1% _, and 1% _.

A

Lakes; soil moisture; water vapor; rivers; biology

42
Q

Overturning

A

When water in a lake flips (water on bottom rises to top and water on top sinks to bottom)

43
Q

Aquitard

A

Where water cannot pass in the ground

44
Q

Zone of Aeration

A

Where water evaporates from rock

45
Q

Water Table

A

Where the water is at

46
Q

Zone of Saturation

A

Ground beneath the water table

47
Q

Water in the ground flows about _ feet per day.

A

3

48
Q

Average age of groundwater is around _ years old.

A

1,400

49
Q

Dams have the ability to capture _ and turn it into _.

A

Potential energy; kinetic energy

50
Q

Alum

A

A flocking agent used in wastewater treatment

51
Q

Study Texas Rivers

A

Study Texas Rivers

52
Q

Ogallala Aquifer

A

The Ogallala Aquifer has lost 11.5 trillion ft^3; this massive loss is starting to dry up rural wells nationwide

APES Test No. 3 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions