Fresh and Saltwater Systems Unit Exam Flashcards
1
Q
What percent of the earth’s surface is water?
A
74%
2
Q
Name 2 influences of the variations of earth’s water supply.
A
- Natural occurrences (ex. mineral presence)
2. Human activities
3
Q
What is potable water?
A
Water that is safe for humans to drink.
4
Q
What is water quality?
A
Measure of the amount of substances besides water in a water sample.
Description of how pure a water sample it.
5
Q
Why is water in nature never pure?
A
Cause it contains organisms, organic material, minerals, and other chemicals.
DOESN’T MEAN ITS NOT GOOD
6
Q
In science, what is considered a salt?
A
Anything with an ionic compound.
7
Q
What is salinity?
A
Amount of salt dissolved in water.
Seawater has a higher salinity than fresh water
8
Q
What affects the taste of water?
A
Minerals
9
Q
What is hard water?
A
Water containing a high concentration of calcium and magnesium.
10
Q
Does fresh water have organisms and organic matter?
A
Yes.
11
Q
What is E coli?
A
A bacteria found in the environment and in food.
12
Q
What are the 2 types of E coli?
A
- Good E coli
2. Bad E coli
13
Q
What does Good E coli do?
A
Helps dissolve the food in your body.
14
Q
What does Bad E coli do?
A
Rips up the digestive system and is spiky. Sticks to the digestive system like Velcro.
15
Q
Is well water tested a lot? Why?
A
Well water is rarely tested because its location, far underground, protects it from most natural and human activities.
16
Q
Is city water treated? Why?
A
City water is always treated because it comes from surface locations (rivers and lakes) which are highly susceptible to pollution.
17
Q
Why is treating water important?
A
Cause if you don’t its not potable.
18
Q
How is salt removed from water?
A
Distillation and Reverse Osmosis
19
Q
How does distillation work?
A
The boiled water vapour leaves the salt behind, and then condensation converts the water vapour back to distilled liquid water
20
Q
What is reverse osmosis?
A
Movement of water through a membrane from an area of low concentration to high concentration.
21
Q
What are waves?
A
Movements on the surface.
The pattern of the surface changes, but the water particles don’t.
22
Q
What are tides?
A
Daily changes in water level of the oceans.
23
Q
Waves regularly cause _______ on land surfaces.
A
Erosion.
24
Q
T/F: All bodies of water, even tiny puddles, have waves.
A
True.
25
What are most waves caused by?
The wind.
26
What does the wave do when it reaches the shore?
It drags on the bottom of the ocean and slows down, which causes the top of the wave to rise up and crash down on the shore, which can lead to damage.
27
What is high tide?
The highest water level along the coast.
28
What is low tide?
Lowest water level along the coast.
29
Most places there are ___ high tides and ___ low tides a day.
Two, two
30
What is the main cause of tides? How does it work?
The moon’s gravity.
Whichever side of the earth the moon is on, that side will feel the moons gravitational pull and will then have a high tide.
The other side, without the moon, will have a low tide since it can’t feel the moon’s gravity.
31
When the earth rotates, do the points of the high tides also change?
Yes.
32
How many high and low tides do the movements create?
2 high tides 2 low tides.
33
How often do the movements create tides?
Every 24 hrs and 50 mins.
34
Why is identifying the characteristics of a stream or river useful?
(3 things)
Because it helps scientists understand types of organisms, hypothesize the impact of human activities, and engineers use them to build bridges and dams.
35
What are Stream Characteristics?
Characteristics used to describe a stream or river.
36
Name 4 Stream Characteristics.
| Place of origin’s not one of them
1. Volume of flow
2. Rate of flow
3. Slope
4. Shape of the river/stream’s bed
37
T/F: Water can shape a shoreline.
True.
38
T/F: Rivers cannot shape the land they flow through.
False.
39
What is erosion?
The wearing away or breaking down and transporting of rocks fragments and soil.
40
What are sediments?
Eroded rock fragments and soil carried by water and wind.
41
What is deposition?
The laying down or depositing of sediments.
42
The faster the water moves...
The more it can carry.
43
How are caves formed?
By water collecting in the cracks of limestone and other rocks until it gradually dissolves more and more away.
44
What is a watershed?
**NOT THE MAIN LAKE THING!!!
An area of land that drains into one main lake or river.
It can contain many smaller rivers and lakes.
45
What is a Continental Divide?
The highest point of land on a continent.
Rivers flow into different oceans depending on which side of the divide they start.
Ex: Ours is the Rockys
46
What is the Lithosphere?
The solid outer part of Earth, made of rock and has tectonic plates.
47
What are tectonic plates?
Huge broken pieces of the earth’s crust that are moving constantly and slowly due to convection currents.
48
What is an ocean basin?
A dip or depression in the sea floor.
49
T/F: the movement of tectonic plates can create ocean basins.
True.
50
What’s a reservoir?
A large natural or artificial lake used as a source of water supply.
51
What is a glacier?
A large moving body of ice.
| Glaciers can be many meters or even kilometres thick.
52
What are glaciers that cover vast areas of land are called?
Continental glaciers or icecaps.
53
What are valley glaciers?
Glaciers that flow in between mountain peaks.
54
If the climate is cool, what will happen with the glacier?
Little melting, snow builds up, and the glacier moves forward.
55
If the climate is warm, what will happen?
More melting, snow decreases, and the glacier moves back or retreats.
56
What is a climate?
The average weather measured over a long period of time.
57
T/F: Large bodies of water influence the weather and climate in their regions.
True.
58
If water has a high heat capacity, what does it mean?
It can hold heat longer than other substances.
59
Does it take a long time to change the temperature of a large body of water?
Yes.
60
_______ _______ also affect an area’s climates.
Ocean currents.
61
What are currents?
Streams of water that move within a larger body of water.
62
Name 4 things currents can be caused by.
1. The wind
2. Temperature differences in the water
3. Salinity differences in the water
4. Earth’s rotation
63
How are currents different from waves?
The water moves from place to place with currents. With waves, only the surface pattern moves.
64
Name 2 things the temperature of ocean currents affect.
1. The temperature.
| 2. The amount of precipitation.
65
Warm air holds more _______ than cold air.
| What does this mean?
Moisture.
Winds over a warm current carry high amounts of water, so it’ll have more precipitation.
Winds over a cold current carry little water, so it’ll have less precipitation.
66
What is the term astronauts use to describe earth?
The blue planet.
67
Most organisms on earth are only adapted to live in their own __________.
Environment.
68
How is an environment judged?
The number and range if organisms that live there.
69
Does it matter if the environment is healthy or not?
No.
70
What is diversity?
The description of the variety of different species in an ecosystem, population, or species.
71
Does salt water or fresh water support more diverse living things? Why?
Salt water.
| Because it has more different environments.
72
_/_ of organisms on earth spend the majority of their life in ____ water.
2/3
| Salt
73
What are adaptations?
Physical or behavioural characteristics of a species that increases the species’ chances of survival in a certain environment.
74
All living things have _______ __________ to their environment.
Specific adaptations
75
All living things are ___________ _______ to their environment.
Continually adapting
76
Name 4 common reasons for adaptations.
1. Breathing
2. Feeding
3. Reproduction
4. Movement
77
What are the 5 main environmental factors that lead to adaptations?
```
TWMLPS
“T’warm lips”
1. Temperature
2. Water movement
3. Light
4. Pressure
5. Salinity
```
78
What is an organism?
An individual living thing.
79
What is a species?
A group of individuals who are the same type, the same kind of thing. They can successfully breed together.
80
What is a population?
A group of organisms of the same species that live the same area.
81
What is a community?
Different populations living in the same area.
82
Name 3 things a change in population could lead to.
1. An increase or decrease in total population
2. A change in the number of males vs females => lead to a change in the number of offspring
3. A change in the number of young vs old organisms.
83
What are the 3 major types of change?
1. Seasonal changes
2. Short-term changes
3. Long-term changes
84
Do most living things need water as pure as humans do to survive?
No.
85
If some organisms have specialized to a particular environment, how does it affect their ability to adapt to change in that environment? Give an example.
When organisms specialize to a particular environment, it decrease their ability to adapt to changes there.
Ex. Humans — if all our fresh water was taken away, we would not adapt, and we would die.
86
What is acid rain?
When a body of water is so polluted, when it evaporates into rain, a very acidic version of rain pours down. It is a factor in chemical weathering.
87
How does acid rain affect bodies of water?
It has been known to increase the acidity of a water body to a point that no living things can survive there anymore. The thing becomes a “dead” body of water.
88
If the wrong organism gets to big an advantage in a lake, what will happen? Give an example.
It can greatly affect the other organisms and cause death.
| Ex. Algae — it blocks the sun from entering the lake, so any organisms that need sun are now dead.
89
The total water on Earth is a _________ resource.
Renewable
90
Can the location of the water change?
Yes, dramatically and from year to year.
91
Why does water location change?
Nature and human activities.
92
Humans use water ________ and __________.
Directly and indirectly.
93
What does directly using water mean?
Drinking water, bathing water, cooking/cleaning water, etc.
94
What does indirectly using water mean?
Water used up in the process of making things we use.
| Ex. Plastic — lots of water is used to make plastic, which we then buy in bottles, containers, etc.
95
Human uses of water can have ________ and _____ to the environment.
Benefits and costs
96
What is the 1st major types of water use worldwide and what is its %? Name 2 points.
1. Agriculture
73% of all water use is for irrigation to grow crops.
- important for the economy, and food.
- over-irrigation can cause many problems
97
What is irrigation?
Watering crops and stuff like that.
98
What is the 2nd major types of water use worldwide and what is its %? Name 2 points.
```
2. Industry
22% is used by industries such as:
- Coolant
- Solvents
- Washing
- Diluting pollutants
```
-Governments regulate industries but they’re important for the economy cause they provide jobs, products, and services.
99
What is the 3rd major type of water use worldwide and what is its %? Name 2 points.
3. Domestic
5% is used by us in our homes.
- Most developED countries have clean/safe piped in water.
- Most developING countries need to walk to their water supply.
100
How do human water uses affect the overall quality of our environment? Name 7 things.
SOHRCRFFP
“Sore curfp”
1. Sewage
2. Oil spills
3. Habitat destruction
4. Runoff City streets
5. Runoff Farmland
6. Factories
7. Power stations
101
What is Giardia?
A micro-organism that causes beaver-fever.
102
How is Giardia controlled?
Chlorination and filtration.
103
What does monitor mean?
To observe, check, or keep track of something for a specific purpose.
104
What doe water technicians test for?
Chemicals and organisms.
105
How did the Thames river in London become un-polluted?
People put in time and money.
106
In order to solve environmental problems in the world, ______, _______, and _________ must work together.
People, science, technology
