Fresh and Saltwater Systems Topics 3-4

Question 1

Pond

Answer 1

Sunlight reaches the bottom

Question 2

Lake

Answer 2

Sunlight does not reach the bottom

Question 3

Clarity

Answer 3

A measure of how clear water is, determined by the amount of matter suspended in it

Question 4

Wetlands

Answer 4

Area such as swamps, marshes, and bogs, occurring in low areas. Important habitats for many species of plants and animals

Question 5

Stream

Answer 5

A small, fast flowing body of water

Question 6

River

Answer 6

A large, fast flowing body of water

Question 7

Watershed

Answer 7

Area of land that drains into a body of water. Includes both water and land (rivers, streams, lakes, forests, farms, cities)

Question 8

Which watershed do we belong to and where does it drain to?

Answer 8

Nobleford is part of the Old Man Watershed. It drains into Lake Winnipeg and eventually into the Hudson’s Bay

Question 9

Short Answer: what are some ways that watersheds can be managed properly? Know the negative affects that certain practices have on the watershed.

Answer 9

Topics to consider: Being mindful of paving over areas, using commercial car washes, excessive logging, pick up dog poop, water conservation, gasoline and contaminants/pollutants

Question 10

Erosion

Answer 10

The movement of sediments from one place to another

Question 11

Deposition

Answer 11

The process in which eroded material is dropped or left

Question 12

Streamflow

Answer 12

the amount of water discharged by a watershed. Involves measuring the amount of water that flows past a certain point over a period of time.

Question 13

River Flow Monitoring

Answer 13

It is important to know the amount of water that will be flowing through river channels at any given time in order to accurately analyze water quality and predict floods, droughts, and design irrigation and drainage projects.

Question 14

Sediment Monitoring

Answer 14

Studying the quantity, quality, and characteristics of sediment can determine the source of pollutants and impact of the pollutants on the aquatic environment of a river or stream

Question 15

Reducing erosion and stream sediment load.

Answer 15

Dredging a river removes sediment, making it deeper. Planting native vegetation along the bank of a river stabilizes the soil. Banks can be reinforced with logs in extreme cases.

Question 16

Permeable

Answer 16

Water can pass through

Question 17

Impermeable

Answer 17

Water can’t pass through

Question 18

Aquifer

Answer 18

The system of water flowing through porous rock

Question 19

Water table

Answer 19

The layer of porous rock in which all pores are full of water

Question 20

Wells

Answer 20

Made by drilling a hole through the soil and rock to a point below the water table. Water is then pumped up to the surface

Question 21

Contamination

Answer 21

Any addition of undesirable substances to groundwater caused by human activities

Question 22

Point sources

Answer 22

The source of a pollutant is from a small, defined area

Question 23

Non-point sources

Answer 23

A pollutant comes from a wide area

Question 24

Hydrogeologist

Answer 24

A scientist who studies groundwater

Question 25

Flood plain

Answer 25

An area of low-lying ground adjacent to a river, subject to flooding if the river overflows

Question 26

Salinity

Answer 26

The measure of the amount of salts dissolved in a liquid

Question 27

Salts found in saltwater

Answer 27

The most common is sodium chloride (same as table salt) next is sulphate, magnesium, calcium, and potassium

Question 28

Ocean Ridges

Answer 28

Long undersea mountain chains. Youngest areas of the sea floor and are still being formed by volcanic eruptions

Question 29

Ocean Trenches

Answer 29

Narrow, steep-sided canyons. Formed when the edge of an ocean plate pushes against the edge of a continental plate

Question 30

Abyssal plains

Answer 30

Flat section of ocean floor between the ridges and the trenches

Question 31

Continental shelf

Answer 31

The area between the coast and the edge of the ocean basin, a submerged part of the continent

Question 32

Continental slope

Answer 32

Edge of the continental shelf, plunges at a steep angle to the sea floor

Question 33

Ocean waves

Answer 33

large ripples set in motion by steady winds

Question 34

Swells

Answer 34

Smooth waves caused by winds and storms far out at sea

Question 35

How do waves shape shorelines?

Answer 35

By eroding and redepositing sediments.

Question 36

Longshore currents

Answer 36

Ocean currents that run parallel to the shore. Carry lots of loose sediment

Question 37

Beaches

Answer 37

Deposits of sediment that run along the shoreline

Question 38

Tides

Answer 38

Regular daily cycles of the slow rise and fall of the ocean

Question 39

Spring tides

Answer 39

Largest tidal movements. Occur when Earth, Moon, and Sun are lined up

Question 40

Neap tides

Answer 40

The smallest tidal movements, occur when lines pointing from Earth to the Sun and the Moon are perpendicular to each other

Question 41

Tidal range

Answer 41

The difference in level between a high tide and a low tide

Question 42

What is the link between Earth, the Moon, the Sun, and the tides?

Answer 42

Gravity.

Tidal movements result from the pull of the Moon’s gravity on the ocean

Question 43

Currents

Answer 43

Continuous movements of ocean water. Similar to a massive river within the ocean. Currents flow in one direction and connect one place with another

Question 44

What three factors affect the direction of winds and surface currents?

Answer 44

Uneven heating of the atmosphere, rotation of the Earth, and the continents

Question 45

Trade winds

Answer 45

Near the equator, winds that blow from the east to drive ocean currents west

Question 46

Westerly winds

Answer 46

In temperate zones, winds blowing from the west that drive ocean currents east

Question 47

Heat capacity

Answer 47

The thermal energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1°C