Frequency Table and Graphical Presentations Flashcards
Are facts and figures that are collected, analyzed, and summarized for presentation and interpretation.
Data
Refers to all data collected in particular study.
Data set
Are the entities on which data are collected.
Elements
Is a characteristic of interest for the elements
Variable
Is a set of measurements obtained for a particular element.
Observation
Are labels or names used to identity an attribute of each element.
Qualitative data
Are numeric values that indicate how much or how many.
Quantitative data
Are data collected at the same or approximately the same point in time.
Cross-sectional data
Are data collected over several time periods.
Time series data
Are data with elements of both cross-sectional and time series data.
Pooled data
Are data with the same cross-sectional unit, say, a family or firm, and is surveyed over time.
Panel data
is a tabular summary of data showing the number (frequency) of items in each of several nonoverlapping classes
Frequency Distribution
is tabular summary of data showing the relative frequency for each class
Relative Frequency Distribution
is a tabular summary of data showing the percent frequency for each class.
Percent Frequency Distribution
is a graphical device depicting data that have been summarized in a frequency, relative frequency, or percent frequency distribution.
Bar Graph
is a graphical device for presenting relative frequency and percent frequency distributions.
Pie Chart
identifies the smallest possible data value assigned to the class.
Lower
class limit
identifies the largest possible data value assigned to the class.
Upper Class Limit
is a graphical presentation of the relationship between two quantitative variables.
Scatter Diagram
is the average of all values. It is useful in analyzing interval and ratio data. The mean is derived by adding all the values and dividing the sum by the number of cases.
Mean
is the average of all values. It is useful in analyzing interval and ratio data. The mean is derived by adding all the values and dividing the sum by the number of cases.
Mean
is the value in the middle when the data are arranged from highest to lowest.
Median
is the most frequently occurring in a set of figures or value that occurs with greatest frequency.
Mode
is a simple measure of variation calculated as the highest value in a distribution, minus the lowest value plus 1.
Range
a measure of variability that utilizes all the data. It is based on the difference between the value of each observation (xi) and the mean.
Variance
Variance
defined as the positive square root of the variance
Standard Deviation
The mean is not appropriate for highly skewed distributions and is less efficient than other measures of central tendency when extreme scores are possible.
TRUE
The geometric mean is a viable alternative if all the scores are positive and the distribution has a positive skew.
TRUE
Distributions with positive skew are sometimes called “skewed to the right”.
TRUE
Very High positive (negative) correlation
0.90 to 1.00 (-0.90 to -1.00)
High positive (negative) correlation
0.70 to 0.90 (-0.70 to -0.90)
Moderate postive (negative) correlation
0.50 to 0.70 (-0.50 to -0.70)
Little if any correlation
0.00 to 0.30 (-0.00 to -0.30)
