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French Revolution Flashcards

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1
Q

Name and describe the make-up of the three estates within the Old Regime:

A
  1. ) First Estate: Roman Catholic Church;clergy officials
  2. ) Second Estate: nobles
  3. ) Third Estate: common people
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2
Q

The 3rd Estate was subdivided into three groups: Name and give a brief description of each:

A
  1. ) Burgeoisie - merchants, doctors, lawyers, etc.
  2. ) Artisans - skilled in a trade - lived in the city
  3. ) Peasants - farmers/city workers - labor
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3
Q

Why were the 1st and 2nd Estates opposed to the ideas of the Enlightenment?

A

They did not want changes in the old way.

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4
Q

What four factors led to the cause of the French Revolution?

A
  1. ) Inequalities of Society
  2. ) Enlightenment ideas of change.
  3. ) American Revolution (inspiration for their Revolution)
  4. ) Corruption of the French Kings
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5
Q

Give two reasons why the queen was unpopular in France:

A
  1. ) She was a foreigner

2. ) Spent Extravagant amounts of money

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6
Q

List the 2 causes of France’s financial crisis in 1789:

A
  1. ) Constant Wars for the past 100 years.

2. ) Extravagant spending of the monarchy.

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7
Q

What solution was proposed to the King by his advisors to solve this crisis?

A

Tax the first two estates

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8
Q

What was the Estates General? Why had it not been called for the last 175 years?

A

Representative assembly of the three estates. B/c France was a monarchy and didn’t need them.

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9
Q

What was the Tennis Court Oath?

A

An oath to not leave the indoor tennis court until they had written a constitution.

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10
Q

The French Revolution began with the storming of the —- which symbolized the tyranny of the French Revolution.

A

Bastille

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11
Q

Describe the Great Fear.

A

Rumors that the king had hired foreigners to punish the third estate so the peasants took matters into their own hands and burned/destroyed noble homes.

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12
Q

What document, which was patterned after the American Declaration, essentially swept the Old Regime away in France?

A

Declaration of the Rights of the Man and of the Citizen.

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13
Q

What three words became the slogan of the French Revolution?

A

Liberty, Equality, Fraternity

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14
Q

Describe the difference between an absolute monarchy and a constitutional monarchy

A

Absolute monarchy: King is in control

Constitutional monarchy: enlightened; King isn’t absolute

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15
Q

Name the three general groups that made up the Legislative Assembly and explain which type of government each group favored:

A
  1. ) Royalist - absolute monarchy
  2. ) Girondists - constitutional monarchy
  3. ) Jacobins - Republic
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16
Q

Why did the Austria and Prussia declare war on France in 1792?

A

They feared the revolutionary ideals will spread to their countries.

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17
Q

What was the turning point of the French Revolution

A

When the king and queen tried to flee the country again

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18
Q

Who were the jacobins and who became their leader?

A

3rd estate;Maximilien Robespierre

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19
Q

What was the ultimate fate of the king and queen of France?

A

They were executed

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20
Q

What form of execution did the French use during the Revolution?

A

Guillotine

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21
Q

During the period known as the —-, thousands of French people were executed for being enemies of the Revolution

A

Reign of Terror

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22
Q

What were the 2 goals/purposes of this period during the Revolution?

A
  1. ) An attempt to purge the country of all opposition to the Revolution.
  2. ) An attempt to stamp out religion.
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23
Q

What happened to French churches during this period?

A

All churches were closed and turned into “Temples of Reason”.

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24
Q

How did Napoleon Bonaparte come to power in France?

A

He overthrew the government with a coup d’état.

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25
Q

Why was the dictatorial Napoleon beloved by most of the French people?

A
  1. ) He honored the motto of the Revolution.

2. ) France flourished under Napoleon.

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26
Q

Why were Napoleon’s armies at first welcomed as “liberators” in Europe? Why did they grow to hate Napoleon?

A

He overthrew their kings; They felt abused by a brutal dictator (Napoleon).

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27
Q

What message was Napoleon giving the pope/church, when he crowned himself Holy Roman Emperor in 1804?

A

He wanted to show that he had more power than the Catholic Church.

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28
Q

What event caused Napoleon to give up his Western empire dream?

A

A successful slave uprising on the island.

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29
Q

Why did Napoleon sell the Louisiana Purchase to the USA?

A

He needed cash for his war with Europe.

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30
Q

Why were the European countries so desperate to defeat Napoleon?

A

B/c he was a dictator and had too much power.

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31
Q

What were the three major mistakes that led to Napoleon’s downfall?

A
  1. ) Continental System
  2. ) Peninsular War
  3. ) The Russian Campaign
32
Q

Name the legacies of Napoleon and the French Revolution:

A
  1. ) Absolute monarchies abolished
  2. ) People gain rights/freedom
  3. ) Catholic Church loses power
  4. ) Nationalism creates modern European nations
33
Q

Prison

A

Bastille

34
Q

European military alliance

A

Coalition

35
Q

Group of 3 consuls

A

Consulate

36
Q

An agreement with the Catholic Church

A

Concordat

37
Q

A blockade of all British goods across the European continent (attempt to starve Britain).

A

Continental system

38
Q

A court system set up to stamp out the opposition to the revolution

A

Committee of Public Safety

39
Q

The island Napoleon was born on

A

Corsica

40
Q

Blow to the state; forced takeover of power

A

Coup d’état

41
Q

Group of 5 men

A

Directory

42
Q

Formed the Coalition and lead it to defeat Napoleon (which they did).

A

Duke of Wellington

43
Q

Luxurious estate/island Napoleon was exiled to the first time

A

Elba

44
Q

Nobles

A

Emigrés

45
Q

Intellectual movement that emphasizes human reason

A

Enlightenment

46
Q

Spanish peasant fighters

A

Guerilla

47
Q

Island of Saint Domingue

A

Haiti

48
Q

Crushed Napoleon’s navy at the battle of Trafalgar

A

Horatio Nelson

49
Q

Ideas that humans can do anything

A

Humanism

50
Q

Last bid for power

A

Hundred Days

51
Q

3rd Estate

A

Jacobins

52
Q

Napoleon’s wife that he loved

A

Josephine

53
Q

Napoleon’s brother that was appointed king of Spain

A

Joseph

54
Q

The king of France who’s wife is Marie Antoinette

A

Louis XVI

55
Q

Restored as the king of France after Napoleon was exiled to Elba. (French hated him)

A

Louis XVIII

56
Q

Public schools

A

Lyc’ees

57
Q

Wife of LouisXVI who was a foreigner and spent extravagant amounts of money

A

Marie Antoinette

58
Q

Napoleon’s wife who gave him his only son

A

Marie Louise

59
Q

Takes power and started the reign of terror

A

Maximillian Robespierre

60
Q

A military genius who was born on the island of Corsica and joined the French army and rose ranks quickly to one of the top 3 military commanders in world history

A

Napoleon

61
Q

Loyalty to your country

A

Nationalism

62
Q

Law code that forebodes privileges based on birth, allowed freedom of religion, and appointed people to public office based on ability rather than birth connections

A

Napoleonic Code

63
Q

Social and political structures of France

A

Old Regime

64
Q

Vote of the people

A

Plebiscite

65
Q

A rebirth of art, literature, and learning.

A

Renaissance

66
Q

People who chose the ruler

A

Republic

67
Q

Fought the grand army Napoleon put together by using the scorched earth policy

A

Russia

68
Q

Destroy everything in their path

A

Scorched earth

69
Q

The penal colony/island was exiled to the second time

A

St.Helena

70
Q

Jacobin - radicals that favor the Republic

A

Sans culottes

71
Q

Naval battle to attempt to capture Great Britain

A

Trafalgar

72
Q

Caused the slave uprising and caused Napoleon to abandon his Western dream

A

Toussaint L’ouverture

73
Q

800 rooms, summer home for the king

A

Versailles

74
Q

The battle which the coalition crushed Napoleon

A

Waterloo

75
Q

What country was the center of the Enlightenment?

A

France

History (11 decks)

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