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French Revolution Flashcards

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0
Q

What was the Corvee

A

Tax on labour (unpopular)

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1
Q

What us the taille?

A
  1. Taxes on land that 1st and 2nd estates were exempt from
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2
Q

What was the Gabelle

A

Tax on salt (unpopular)

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3
Q

Relics of feudalism

A

Old rights that nobility and clergy still enjoyed

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4
Q

Examples of relics of feudalism (4)

A

Paying to use mills, ovens, wine presses, donating money (tithes) to the church

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5
Q

Bourgeois

A

Middle class; business owners

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6
Q

Example of Bourgeois occupation (7)

A

Merchant, bankers, industrialists, lawyers, doctors, writers, public servants

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7
Q

Third estate

A

Everyone that is not clergy/nobility

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8
Q

Voting system of estates General

A

Each estate represented 1 vote (unfair)

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9
Q

Maria Antoinette

A

The king’s (Austrian) wife. Became symbol for overspending and waste associated with monarchy

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10
Q

Antoinette’s most famous line

A

“Let them eat cake” (never said it)

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11
Q

Antoinette’s nickname

A

Madame Deficit

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12
Q

Consequences of Bad Harvest in 1787 (4)

A

Food shortage &laquo_space;Rising food prices &laquo_space;Unemployment &laquo_space;1/3 of France unemployed

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13
Q

Why was estates general formed

A

Call to fix France’s financial problems in 1789

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14
Q

Tennis court oath

A

Pledge to create a constitution

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15
Q

Kings reaction to TCO

A

To use force

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16
Q

What is the Bastille

A

Political prison of Bastille, Drunk mob attacks symbol of King’s oppression

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17
Q

How many Parisians are killed during the storming of Bastille

A

98

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18
Q

Effects of storming of Bastille (4)

A

Mob (General Will now a political force), king loses control, National Assembly is created, Parisians in control

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19
Q

National Assembly effects (6)

A

Adopts the DROMC, Monarchy/Feudal structure destroyed, Church reforms (sold lands, clergy paid by state, church becomes part of gov.), created enemies (monarchists/church/aristocrats/radicals), leads to war in Europe, leads to dominance of mob rule (Sans Culottes)

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20
Q

The Great Fear

A

Rural parts of France fear mob rules of Parisians, urban parts of France (Paris) fear invasions of other countries (Austria).

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21
Q

DORMC

A

Documents guaranteeing equal rights for all people are rewards people of talent (merit rather than birth)

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22
Q

What documents influenced DORMC

A

American and English Bill of Rights

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23
Q

Significance of DORMC

A

Foundation of future constitutions, disregards women

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24
Q

Olympe de Gorges

A

Claimed DORMC didn’t cover women’s rights. Chief promoter of women’s rights

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25
Q

March to Versailles

A

Mob rule, Parisian women capture royal family of Versailles. Makes Louis political prisoner

26
Q

What does March to Versailles show

A

Power of mob rule

27
Q

Paris commune

A

The mob (women), leading most radical parts of revolution

28
Q

Sans culottes

A

Without-breeches, dictated worse parts of Paris commune. Enforced Rousseau’s idea of “forced to be free”

29
Q

Marat

A

French radical - wrote newspaper urging major reform. Lead sans-culottes, assassinated in bath tub

30
Q

What did the national convention do

A

Created a republic

31
Q

Jacobins

A

Radical group that wanted major reform. Reason of the terror. Best/worst part of FR

32
Q

Girondins

A

Less radical, wanted king alive. Mountain, more radical, wanted king dead

33
Q

Louis death consequence

A

Guillotined, Europe gangs up on France, leads to the Cops

34
Q

COPS

A

Committee of Public Safety, led by Robespierre. Gives FR bad name, but saved France in many ways

35
Q

Robespierre

A

Leader of COPS, behind the terror/Republic of Virtue, wanted to create the perfect state

36
Q

Robespierre’s nickname

A

The incorruptible

37
Q

Reign of Terror

A

Lead by COPS (Max essentially a dictator), revolutionary courts created, 40,000 killed, rule of Sans Culottes, precursor to communism

38
Q

Republic of Virtue

A

Attempt to create a society of logic and reason.

39
Q

The cult of the Supreme Being

A

Logic replaces God

40
Q

De-Christianization (7)

A

Idea of perfect Enlightened Society, based on logic/reason, “saint” removed, churches pillaged, priests told to marry, Notre Dame - “Temple of Reason”, new calendar starting with FR

41
Q

Mass Mobilization

A

Creates open army (1 million people), saved France from invading countries, establish idea of nationalism

42
Q

Why did Robespierre die

A

1794 defeated most enemies but he wanted more “cleansing.” Killed many sans-culottes and killed out of fear

43
Q

Ending point of great terror

A

Death of Robespierre

44
Q

The directory

A

Brings stability, 5 directors, weak,

45
Q

Why did directory fail

A

Increasingly reliant on military and Napoleon, so he took over in 1799

46
Q

Early life of Napoleon (6)

A

Arrogant, born in Corsica, Revolution allowed him to enter army on scholarship, not liked (shirt, poor, Italian), studied philosophes and past military campaigns, worked way up military and was successful

47
Q

What helped Napoleon win military matters (3)

A

Speed, surprise, deception

48
Q

Made commander in 1797 and invades Britain. Why

A

Attack them in colonies (Egypt) - fails

49
Q

Consul

A

Old roman belief, works for Republic/Directory

50
Q

Who crowns Napoleon

A

1802 crowns himself

51
Q

Deal between church and Napoleon

A

Recognizes church for land that was taken during revolution

52
Q

Was Napoleon religious

A

No - product of enlightenment

53
Q

Result of Napoleon and church agreement

A

Loyalty of church and those that bought the church’s land

54
Q

What was Napoleon’s code

A

Equality before law, religious toleration, destruction of feudalism

55
Q

How did women suffer under Napoleon’s code

A

Difficult to divorce, property given to men when married, treated as minors by the state

56
Q

1812

A

Russia invades France

57
Q

Why are the French hated

A

Invaders - always hated. Promoted nationalism in other countries

58
Q

Continental system

A

System cutting off all markets to the British, supposed to weaken them as they were an island

59
Q

Why did continental system fail

A

British have colonies for markets and navy is strong - power of the sea

60
Q

Why was Napoleon defeated

A

Invasion of Russia

61
Q

How did Russia defeat Napoleon

A

Russia repeatedly retreated and scorched earth policy. Bad weather - 600,000 started, 40,000 returned

62
Q

Where did Napoleon escape to after Russia

A

Island of Elba and later escapes

63
Q

What was Napoleons last battle

A

Waterloo in 1815, lost and then exiled to St. Helena where he dies

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