French Revolution

Question 0

What was the Corvee

Answer 0

Tax on labour (unpopular)

Question 1

What us the taille?

Answer 1

1. Taxes on land that 1st and 2nd estates were exempt from

Question 2

What was the Gabelle

Answer 2

Tax on salt (unpopular)

Question 3

Relics of feudalism

Answer 3

Old rights that nobility and clergy still enjoyed

Question 4

Examples of relics of feudalism (4)

Answer 4

Paying to use mills, ovens, wine presses, donating money (tithes) to the church

Question 5

Bourgeois

Answer 5

Middle class; business owners

Question 6

Example of Bourgeois occupation (7)

Answer 6

Merchant, bankers, industrialists, lawyers, doctors, writers, public servants

Question 7

Third estate

Answer 7

Everyone that is not clergy/nobility

Question 8

Voting system of estates General

Answer 8

Each estate represented 1 vote (unfair)

Question 9

Maria Antoinette

Answer 9

The king’s (Austrian) wife. Became symbol for overspending and waste associated with monarchy

Question 10

Antoinette’s most famous line

Answer 10

“Let them eat cake” (never said it)

Question 11

Antoinette’s nickname

Answer 11

Madame Deficit

Question 12

Consequences of Bad Harvest in 1787 (4)

Answer 12

Food shortage &laquo_space;Rising food prices &laquo_space;Unemployment &laquo_space;1/3 of France unemployed

Question 13

Why was estates general formed

Answer 13

Call to fix France’s financial problems in 1789

Question 14

Tennis court oath

Answer 14

Pledge to create a constitution

Question 15

Kings reaction to TCO

Answer 15

To use force

Question 16

What is the Bastille

Answer 16

Political prison of Bastille, Drunk mob attacks symbol of King’s oppression

Question 17

How many Parisians are killed during the storming of Bastille

Answer 17

98

Question 18

Effects of storming of Bastille (4)

Answer 18

Mob (General Will now a political force), king loses control, National Assembly is created, Parisians in control

Question 19

National Assembly effects (6)

Answer 19

Adopts the DROMC, Monarchy/Feudal structure destroyed, Church reforms (sold lands, clergy paid by state, church becomes part of gov.), created enemies (monarchists/church/aristocrats/radicals), leads to war in Europe, leads to dominance of mob rule (Sans Culottes)

Question 20

The Great Fear

Answer 20

Rural parts of France fear mob rules of Parisians, urban parts of France (Paris) fear invasions of other countries (Austria).

Question 21

DORMC

Answer 21

Documents guaranteeing equal rights for all people are rewards people of talent (merit rather than birth)

Question 22

What documents influenced DORMC

Answer 22

American and English Bill of Rights

Question 23

Significance of DORMC

Answer 23

Foundation of future constitutions, disregards women

Question 24

Olympe de Gorges

Answer 24

Claimed DORMC didn't cover women's rights. Chief promoter of women's rights

Question 25

March to Versailles

Answer 25

Mob rule, Parisian women capture royal family of Versailles. Makes Louis political prisoner

Question 26

What does March to Versailles show

Answer 26

Power of mob rule

Question 27

Paris commune

Answer 27

The mob (women), leading most radical parts of revolution

Question 28

Sans culottes

Answer 28

Without-breeches, dictated worse parts of Paris commune. Enforced Rousseau's idea of "forced to be free"

Question 29

Marat

Answer 29

French radical - wrote newspaper urging major reform. Lead sans-culottes, assassinated in bath tub

Question 30

What did the national convention do

Answer 30

Created a republic

Question 31

Jacobins

Answer 31

Radical group that wanted major reform. Reason of the terror. Best/worst part of FR

Question 32

Girondins

Answer 32

Less radical, wanted king alive. Mountain, more radical, wanted king dead

Question 33

Louis death consequence

Answer 33

Guillotined, Europe gangs up on France, leads to the Cops

Question 34

COPS

Answer 34

Committee of Public Safety, led by Robespierre. Gives FR bad name, but saved France in many ways

Question 35

Robespierre

Answer 35

Leader of COPS, behind the terror/Republic of Virtue, wanted to create the perfect state

Question 36

Robespierre's nickname

Answer 36

The incorruptible

Question 37

Reign of Terror

Answer 37

Lead by COPS (Max essentially a dictator), revolutionary courts created, 40,000 killed, rule of Sans Culottes, precursor to communism

Question 38

Republic of Virtue

Answer 38

Attempt to create a society of logic and reason.

Question 39

The cult of the Supreme Being

Answer 39

Logic replaces God

Question 40

De-Christianization (7)

Answer 40

Idea of perfect Enlightened Society, based on logic/reason, "saint" removed, churches pillaged, priests told to marry, Notre Dame - "Temple of Reason", new calendar starting with FR

Question 41

Mass Mobilization

Answer 41

Creates open army (1 million people), saved France from invading countries, establish idea of nationalism

Question 42

Why did Robespierre die

Answer 42

1794 defeated most enemies but he wanted more "cleansing." Killed many sans-culottes and killed out of fear

Question 43

Ending point of great terror

Answer 43

Death of Robespierre

Question 44

The directory

Answer 44

Brings stability, 5 directors, weak,

Question 45

Why did directory fail

Answer 45

Increasingly reliant on military and Napoleon, so he took over in 1799

Question 46

Early life of Napoleon (6)

Answer 46

Arrogant, born in Corsica, Revolution allowed him to enter army on scholarship, not liked (shirt, poor, Italian), studied philosophes and past military campaigns, worked way up military and was successful

Question 47

What helped Napoleon win military matters (3)

Answer 47

Speed, surprise, deception

Question 48

Made commander in 1797 and invades Britain. Why

Answer 48

Attack them in colonies (Egypt) - fails

Question 49

Consul

Answer 49

Old roman belief, works for Republic/Directory

Question 50

Who crowns Napoleon

Answer 50

1802 crowns himself

Question 51

Deal between church and Napoleon

Answer 51

Recognizes church for land that was taken during revolution

Question 52

Was Napoleon religious

Answer 52

No - product of enlightenment

Question 53

Result of Napoleon and church agreement

Answer 53

Loyalty of church and those that bought the church's land

Question 54

What was Napoleon's code

Answer 54

Equality before law, religious toleration, destruction of feudalism

Question 55

How did women suffer under Napoleon's code

Answer 55

Difficult to divorce, property given to men when married, treated as minors by the state

Question 56

1812

Answer 56

Russia invades France

Question 57

Why are the French hated

Answer 57

Invaders - always hated. Promoted nationalism in other countries

Question 58

Continental system

Answer 58

System cutting off all markets to the British, supposed to weaken them as they were an island

Question 59

Why did continental system fail

Answer 59

British have colonies for markets and navy is strong - power of the sea

Question 60

Why was Napoleon defeated

Answer 60

Invasion of Russia

Question 61

How did Russia defeat Napoleon

Answer 61

Russia repeatedly retreated and scorched earth policy. Bad weather - 600,000 started, 40,000 returned

Question 62

Where did Napoleon escape to after Russia

Answer 62

Island of Elba and later escapes

Question 63

What was Napoleons last battle

Answer 63

Waterloo in 1815, lost and then exiled to St. Helena where he dies